沙漠公路积沙路段驾驶员心理负荷变化研究

Driver Mental Psychological Variation on Sand-Covered Sections of Desert Highways

摘要: 随着跨沙漠高速公路的快速发展，道路积沙问题频发并威胁行车安全；鉴于当前该场景研究尚不充分，本文围绕积沙路段驾驶员的心理负荷及驾驶行为展开研究。首先通过主成分分析法对心生理指标降维，得到心电综合指标；进而基于熵值法构建驾驶员心理负荷模型，再通过K-Means聚类分析，得到普通道路不同积沙厚度下的心理负荷分级情况，并修正道路线形条件下的驾驶员心理负荷。结果表明，路面积沙厚度增加会降低驾驶员信息感知与处理能力；相较于熟练驾驶员，新手驾驶员生理指标显示其处于更高的应激状态，可能导致不稳定的驾驶行为；积沙厚度4~6 mm时行车风险最高，路面管养部门需及时清沙，而0~2 mm时行车风险较高，相关部门应设置预警设施。

Abstract: With the rapid development of cross-desert highways, road sand accumulation problems frequently occur and threaten driving safety. In view of the insufficient research on this scenario, this paper focuses on the psychological load and driving behavior of drivers in the sand-covered section. First, principal component analysis was applied to reduce the dimensionality of psychophysiological indicators, and the comprehensive indexes are obtained. Subsequently, an entropy-based method was employed to construct a driver psychological load model. K-Means clustering analysis was then performed to establish psychological load classifications under varying sand accumulation thicknesses on standard road sections. Finally, the model was calibrated for road alignment conditions. The results show that the increase of road area sand thickness will reduce the driver’s information perception and processing ability. Compared with experienced drivers, novice drivers exhibited physiological indicators suggestive of a heightened stress response, which may lead to erratic driving behavior; when the sand accumulation thickness is 4~6 mm, the driving risk is the highest, and the pavement maintenance department needs to clear the sand in time, while the driving risk is higher when the sand accumulation thickness is 0~2 mm, and the relevant departments should set up early warning facilities.