南充蛴蟆节民俗嬗变研究

A Study on the Transformation of Folk Customs at the Nanchong Qima Festival

摘要: 节日民俗是文化的重要部分，承载着时代变迁的印记。本文通过对南充地区蛴蟆节进行田野调查，分析南充蛴蟆节发生嬗变的原因以及嬗变的表现。发现南充蛴蟆节在节日人员来源上呈现多样化、节日过程简单化并带有现代市场经济下的商业性质等不同程度的变化，其影响因素有：一是打工经济、产业结构调整下，导致农村常驻人口减少，节日产生与发展的生态根源发生变化；二是市场经济的发展，政府打造“文旅融合”品牌，使得南充蛴蟆节的节日活动市场化；三是国家层面非遗立法与地方非遗保护上下联动，节日发展目标发生转向。在此基础上，对南充蛴蟆节文化进行象征意义分析以及对节日民俗嬗变功能进行分析，认为南充蛴蟆节所具有的祈福功能随着社会历史的发展，现在的南充蛴蟆节已逐渐成为集民间习俗、商贸活动以及传播非遗文化的文化空间。

Abstract: Festival folk customs are an important part of culture, carrying the marks of the changes of The Times. This paper conducts fieldwork on the Qima Festival in Nanchong and analyzes the causes and manifestations of the evolution of the Nanchong Qima Festival. It is found that the Nanchong Qima Festival has undergone varying degrees of changes, such as the diversification of the sources of festival participants, the simplification of the festival process, and the commercial nature under the modern market economy. The influencing factors are as follows: first, under the impact of the migrant worker economy and industrial structure adjustment, the permanent rural population has decreased, leading to changes in the ecological origin of the emergence and development of the festival; second, the development of the market economy and the government’s efforts to build a “cultural and tourism integration” brand have made the festival activities of the Nanchong Qima Festival market-oriented; third, the vertical linkage between national-level intangible cultural heritage (ICH) legislation and local ICH protection has led to a shift in the development goals of the festival. On this basis, through the analysis of the cultural symbolic significance of the Qima Festival and the functions of the evolution of festival folk customs, it is believed that the original blessing function carried by the festival has gradually expanded with the development of society and history, forming a cultural space integrating the inheritance of folk customs, the conduct of commercial activities and the dissemination of ICH.