电商平台反垄断规制的本土化建构与制度回应

The Localized Construction and Institutional Response to Anti-Monopoly Regulation of E-Commerce Platforms

摘要: “十四五”规划的提出和《反垄断法》《电子商务法》的联动修订使得电子商务领域出现许多新问题，本文则主要立足于电商平台频发的“二选一”、大数据“杀熟”、算法共谋等新型垄断行为带来的规制困境。从既有的研究中可以发现，传统反垄断框架仍存在结构性不足，主要体现在行为定性、证据获取、规则适配三个维度。为此，本文提出一条符合中国电商发展的规制路径，即在确立“分级分类监管”原则的同时，构建“守门人”义务、数据可携权、算法审计等特色工具，以此来推动“监管”“合规”的双向激励机制及多元共治，最终通过监管科技提升执法效能。本文的主要目的是在平衡规范和发展之间关系的基础上，为构建中国特色电商反垄断体系提供学理层面参考。

Abstract: The proposal of the “14th Five-Year Plan” and the coordinated revisions of the Anti-Monopoly Law and the E-Commerce Law have led to many new issues in the e-commerce sector. This article mainly focuses on the regulatory challenges posed by emerging monopolistic practices on e-commerce platforms, such as the frequent “choose one out of two” policies, big data price discrimination, and algorithmic collusion. Existing research indicates that the traditional antitrust framework still has structural deficiencies, particularly in three areas: behavior characterization, evidence collection, and rule adaptation. In response, this article proposes a regulatory path suitable for the development of China’s e-commerce sector, which involves establishing the principle of “tiered and categorized supervision” while simultaneously creating distinctive tools such as “gatekeeper” obligations, data portability rights, and algorithm auditing. This approach aims to promote a dual incentive mechanism of “regulation” and “compliance” and encourage multi-stakeholder governance, ultimately enhancing enforcement effectiveness through regulatory technology. The primary objective of this article is to provide theoretical reference for building a China-specific antitrust system for e-commerce while balancing regulation and development.