民航多普勒天气雷达发射机调制器的技术分析与研究

Technical Analysis and Research on the Transmitter Modulator of Civil Aviation Doppler Weather Radar

摘要: 文章针对民航现役三类主流C波段全相参脉冲多普勒天气雷达的发射机脉冲调制器，从技术架构、性能参数及民航场景适配性维度展开系统分析。三类调制器分别为国产机型(成都锦江/合肥四创)的间接储能式软性开关调制器、德国METEOR系列的间接储能式刚性开关调制器、美国TDR系列的直接储能式高压刚性开关调制器。研究表明，直接储能式调制器因脉冲宽度与重复频率连续可调的优势，最契合民航探测需求；间接储能式调制器受限于参数调节灵活性，在复杂天气监测中存在局限性。最后基于民航业务需求，提出针对性改进方向。

Abstract: This paper systematically analyzes the transmitter pulse modulators of three mainstream types of C-band fully coherent pulse Doppler weather radars currently in service in civil aviation, from three dimensions: technical architecture, performance parameters, and adaptability to civil aviation scenarios. The three types of modulators are as follows: the indirect energy storage soft-switching modulator used in domestic models (Chengdu Jinjiang/Hefei Sichuang), the indirect energy storage hard-switching modulator of the German METEOR series, and the direct energy storage high-voltage hard-switching modulator of the American TDR series. The research shows that the direct energy storage modulator is most in line with civil aviation detection needs due to its advantage of continuous adjustability of pulse width and pulse repetition frequency. The indirect energy storage modulator has limitations in complex weather monitoring due to the restricted flexibility of parameter adjustment. Finally, based on civil aviation operational requirements, targeted improvement directions are proposed.