人工智能过失风险的刑法规制研究——以新过失论为理论视角

Research on the Criminal Law Regulation of Artificial Intelligence’s Negligence Risk—From the Theoretical Perspective of the New Negligence Theory

摘要: 在人类社会迈入人工智能时代的背景下，人工智能技术在为生活提供便利的同时，其引发的侵权与过失风险问题亦随之凸显，对刑法的适应性调整提出了新的挑战。面对日益增多的人工智能法律争议，亟需对人工智能事故的责任主体界定与归责规则等核心问题予以规范，因此有必要引入新过失论理论，以保障科技的持续发展，避免因刑罚风险的不当干预而阻碍技术创新。基于此，应在客观注意义务与主观注意义务的内容构建上，进一步限缩过失犯罪的成立范围，并完善我国关于人工智能涉过失风险的法律规范体系。

Abstract: With human society entering the era of artificial intelligence, while AI technology brings convenience to life, the infringement and negligence risks it triggers have become increasingly prominent, posing new challenges to the adaptive adjustment of criminal law. Faced with the growing number of AI-related legal disputes, it is urgent to regulate core issues such as the identification of responsible subjects and liability attribution rules for AI accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the new negligence theory to ensure the sustainable development of science and technology and avoid hindering technological innovation due to improper intervention of criminal law risks. Based on this, we should further restrict the scope of negligent crimes in constructing the contents of objective and subjective duties of care, and improve China’s legal normative system concerning AI-related negligence risks.