牙周炎面临失牙的患者牙周基础治疗后即刻种植的临床研究进展

Clinical Research Progress on Immediate Implantation Following Primary Periodontal Treatment for Patients with Periodontitis Facing Edentulousness

摘要: 牙周炎本质上是牙菌斑微生物稳态失衡所致的慢性感染性疾病，更是导致成年人牙齿缺失的首要诱因。目前种植固定义齿修复已成为牙列缺损或缺失患者的常规治疗选择之一。针对因牙周炎需拔除患牙的患者，传统治疗路径强调需等待拔牙窝软组织及骨组织完全愈合后，再行种植体植入。这一理念主要基于对拔牙创内潜在感染因素的考量。然而，随着口腔种植技术与牙周感染控制策略的不断发展，在完善牙周基础治疗、有效控制局部感染的基础上，即刻种植技术已逐步应用于此类患者群体，并展现出缩短疗程、减少手术次数的优势。已有学者围绕这一方向开展了系列临床研究，积累了有价值的临床证据。本文旨在系统梳理现有文献，深入分析牙周炎患者在牙周基础治疗后接受即刻种植的临床效果与关键技术要点，对未来研究方向提出了展望，包括个性化治疗策略的优化和新技术应用的探索。通过全面梳理该领域的临床研究进展，为规范牙周炎患者的即刻种植临床实践提供了理论依据。

Abstract: Periodontitis is essentially a chronic infectious disease caused by an imbalance in dental plaque microbial homeostasis, and it is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults. Currently, implant-supported fixed prosthetics have become a routine treatment option for patients with missing or damaged teeth. For patients requiring tooth extraction due to periodontitis, the traditional treatment approach emphasizes waiting for complete healing of the soft tissue and bone in the extraction socket before implant placement. This concept is primarily based on considerations of potential infection factors within the extraction socket. However, with the continuous development of dental implant technology and periodontal infection control strategies, immediate implantation technology has been gradually applied to this patient group, demonstrating advantages such as shortened treatment time and reduced surgical procedures, based on improved basic periodontal treatment and effective control of local infection. Scholars have conducted a series of clinical studies in this direction, accumulating valuable clinical evidence. This article aims to systematically review existing literature, deeply analyze the clinical effects and key technical points of immediate implantation in periodontitis patients after basic periodontal treatment, and propose prospects for future research directions, including the optimization of personalized treatment strategies and the exploration of new technologies. By comprehensively reviewing the clinical research progress in this field, a theoretical basis is provided for standardizing the clinical practice of immediate implantation for patients with periodontitis.