纳米递药系统治疗肿瘤疾病的研究进展

Research Progress of Nano-Drug Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Tumor Diseases

摘要: 目前，纳米递药系统在临床治疗与研究中应用广泛，表现出了显著的优势。它可以提升药物靶向性，改善药物递送效率，实现药物控释与长效合作，增强难溶性药物的生物利用度，拓展药物适用范围。这些优势使得纳米递药系统在治疗肿瘤、抗肿瘤、抗感染等方面展现出巨大潜力。但仍然还存在一些挑战。首先，存在一些安全性问题，纳米材料可能因长期滞留引发肝脾积累，导致器官毒性；某些纳米载体可能引发过敏反应，需优化表面修饰以减少免疫识别。其次，药代动力学与生物分布存在难题，它的靶向效率低，肿瘤组织的高间质液压或血脑屏障阻碍纳米颗粒渗透。最后，个体差异化也会对其有影响，每个患者的体质不同，肿瘤微环境、基因型差异导致纳米药物响应率波动，预存抗体可能加速清除。

Abstract: At present, nano-drug delivery systems are widely used in clinical treatment and research, demonstrating significant advantages. It can enhance the targeting of drugs, improve the efficiency of drug delivery, achieve the cooperation between controlled release and long-acting drugs, increase the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, and expand the scope of drug application. These advantages make the nano-drug delivery system show great potential in treating tumors, anti-tumor, anti-infection and other aspects. But there are still some challenges. Firstly, there are some safety issues. Nanomaterials may accumulate in the liver and spleen due to long-term retention, leading to organ toxicity. Some nanocarriers may cause allergic reactions, and surface modification needs to be optimized to reduce immune recognition. Secondly, there are challenges in pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. Its targeting efficiency is low, and the high interstitial hydraulic pressure of tumor tissues or the blood-brain barrier hinders the penetration of nanoparticles. Finally, individual differences will also have an impact on it. Each patient has a different constitution, and differences in the tumor microenvironment and genotypes lead to fluctuations in the response rate of nanomedicines, and pre-stored antibodies may accelerate clearance.