黄河流域青海段生态经济可持续发展能力评价研究

Evaluation of Eco-Economic Sustainable Development Capacity in the Qinghai Section of the Yellow River Basin

摘要: 黄河流域的发展在我国具有重要的地位，而黄河青海段作为黄河源更是肩负着重任。黄河流域青海段经济发展整体水平偏低，气候地形地貌等原因导致生态环境脆弱。因此，在注重经济和生态可持续的基础上，增强区域生态与经济系统相互协调和相互促进能力就显得尤为重要。本文基于生态足迹模型，对黄河流域青海段生态经济可持续发展能力进行了概括性描述。首先，计算了黄河流域青海段2012年~2024年生态足迹、生态承载力、生态盈余/赤字、生态压力指数。其次，利用经济生态系统发展能力指标，划分出生态压力区和经济生态区。研究结果表明：(1) 2012~2024年，黄河流域青海段生态足迹下降，生态承载力上升，总体表现为生态盈余大于生态赤字，区域生态系统整体处于可持续发展状态；(2) 2012~2024年黄河流域青海段经济生态可持续发展能力指数处于上升趋势，经济生态发展能力显著提高，资源利用效率有明显的提升，但部分地区仍处于生态压力区。生态系统可持续性面临压力；(3) 黄河流域整体生态在不断的改善，经济系统发展能力和资源利用效率在不断的提高，经济生态系统处于可持续性发展状态。但面对经济快速发展的现实需求，流域生态系统仍面临巨大挑战。基于此研究结论提出了促进黄河流域青海段经济生态可持续发展的思路及对策。

Abstract: The development of the Yellow River Basin holds an important position in China, and the Qinghai Section of the Yellow River, as the source of the Yellow River, bears even more significant responsibilities. The overall economic development level of the Qinghai Section of the Yellow River Basin is relatively low, and its ecological environment is fragile due to factors such as climate, terrain, and landforms. Therefore, on the basis of emphasizing economic and ecological sustainability, it is particularly important to enhance the ability of regional ecological and economic systems to coordinate and promote each other. Based on the ecological footprint model, this paper provides a general description of the eco-economic sustainable development capacity in the Qinghai Section of the Yellow River Basin. Firstly, it calculates the ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity, ecological surplus/deficit, and ecological pressure index of the Qinghai Section of the Yellow River Basin from 2012 to 2024. Secondly, using the indicators of eco-economic system development capacity, it divides the study area into ecological pressure zones and eco-economic zones. The research results show that: (1) From 2012 to 2024, the ecological footprint of the Qinghai Section of the Yellow River Basin decreased, while the ecological carrying capacity increased, with the overall performance of ecological surplus exceeding ecological deficit, indicating that the regional ecosystem was in a sustainable development state as a whole; (2) From 2012 to 2024, the eco-economic sustainable development capacity index of the Qinghai Section of the Yellow River Basin showed an upward trend, the eco-economic development capacity improved significantly, and the resource utilization efficiency increased obviously. However, some areas were still in ecological pressure zones, and the sustainability of the ecosystem was under pressure; (3) The overall ecology of the Yellow River Basin continued to improve, the development capacity of the economic system and resource utilization efficiency kept increasing, and the eco-economic system was in a sustainable development state. Nevertheless, facing the practical demand of rapid economic development, the basin ecosystem still faces enormous challenges. Based on these research conclusions, this paper puts forward ideas and countermeasures to promote the eco-economic sustainable development of the Qinghai Section of the Yellow River Basin.