工业机器人的应用如何影响黄河流域制造业就业

How the Application of Industrial Robots Affects the Employment of the Manufacturing Industry in the Yellow River Basin

摘要: 制造业一直是黄河流域各地区的核心产业，为当地提供了大量的就业岗位，研究制造业失去主导地位之后黄河流域制造业的就业情况十分必要。工业机器人的应用对制造业就业的影响不容忽视，探索工业机器人的应用与制造业融合过程中对劳动力究竟是“替代效应”还是“创造效应”具有重要意义。我们根据2012~2021年黄河流域制造业省级面板数据，实证检验了工业机器人对劳动力就业的影响。研究表明，第一，在就业总量上，工业机器人的应用对制造业就业影响为正。第二，在就业结构上，工业机器人的应用对高教育程度劳动力就业影响为正，对中等教育程度劳动力就业影响为负，对低教育程度劳动力就业影响不显著。

Abstract: Manufacturing has always been a core industry in various regions of the Yellow River Basin, providing a large number of local employment opportunities. It is essential to study the employment situation in the manufacturing sector of the Yellow River Basin after it loses its dominant position. The impact of industrial robot applications on manufacturing employment cannot be overlooked, and it is of great significance to explore whether the integration of industrial robots with manufacturing has a “substitution effect” or a “creation effect” on the labor force. Based on provincial panel data of manufacturing in the Yellow River Basin from 2012 to 2021, we empirically examined the impact of industrial robots on labor employment. The research shows that, first, in terms of total employment, the application of industrial robots has a positive impact on manufacturing employment. Second, in terms of employment structure, the application of industrial robots has a positive impact on the employment of highly educated labor, a negative impact on the employment of moderately educated labor, and an insignificant impact on the employment of low-educated labor.