数字经济时代电商新型不正当竞争行为的法律规制研究

Research on the Legal Regulation of New Unfair Competition in E-Commerce in the Era of Digital Economy

摘要: 当前数字经济深度发展背景下，电子商务领域不正当竞争行为呈现技术化、隐蔽化、生态化新特征。数据抓取、算法共谋、流量劫持等新型行为对传统以《反不正当竞争法》为核心的规制体系形成挑战，并且暴露出认定标准模糊、规制工具滞后、法律责任失衡等问题。本文系统梳理电商领域新型不正当竞争行为的类型与特征，分析数据类、算法类、流量类及平台生态类不正当竞争行为的技术依赖性与损害扩散性，剖析现行法律在规则界定、监管技术及责任分配层面的不足。基于此，从立法完善、监管创新与多元共治三方面提出规制路径：修订法律以明确数据权益、算法合规边界及平台责任；构建“技术监管 + 信用监管”模式，引入智能监测技术；推动政府、平台、行业协会与用户协同治理，形成多层次竞争治理网络。研究旨在为数字经济时代公平竞争秩序维护及市场主体创新活力激发提供制度参考。

Abstract: In the context of the current in-depth development of the digital economy, unfair competition in the field of e-commerce presents new characteristics of technology, concealment and ecology. New behaviors such as data scraping, algorithmic collusion, traffic hijacking, and platform “choosing one of the two” challenge the traditional regulatory system with the Anti-Unfair Competition Law as the core, and expose problems such as ambiguous identification standards, lagging regulatory tools, and imbalance of legal liability. This paper systematically sorts out the types and characteristics of new unfair competition behaviors in the field of e-commerce, analyzes the technical dependence and damage diffusion of unfair competition behaviors in data, algorithm, traffic and platform ecology, and analyzes the shortcomings of current laws in rule definition, regulatory technology and responsibility allocation. Based on this, a regulatory path is proposed from three aspects: legislative improvement, regulatory innovation and pluralistic co-governance: amending the law to clarify data rights and interests, algorithm compliance boundaries and platform responsibilities; building a “technical supervision + credit supervision” model and introduce intelligent monitoring technology; promoting collaborative governance between governments, platforms, industry associations, and users, and form a multi-level competition governance network. The research aims to provide institutional reference for maintaining the order of fair competition and stimulating the innovation vitality of market players in the era of digital economy.