数据本地化对中国电商竞争格局的重构

The Restructuring of China’s E-Commerce Competitive Landscape by Data Localization

摘要: 在数字经济发展与“双循环”战略背景下，中国电商经济已成为连接国内外市场的重要枢纽。然而，数据本地化制度在保障国家安全与个人隐私的同时，也与电商全球互联、高效运行的内在要求形成了“安全与发展”的显著张力。该制度在提升监管效能、培育本土产业的同时，也增加了企业合规成本、制约了供应链效率与商业模式创新。本文旨在解析这一张力，探究数据本地化如何系统重塑中国电商的竞争格局与发展路径，进而寻求制度约束与产业创新的协同之道，为中国电商提升可持续竞争力提供理论参考。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the digital economy’s development and the “dual-circulation” strategy, China’s e-commerce economy has become a critical link connecting domestic and international markets. However, while the data localization regime safeguards national security and personal privacy, it also creates a significant tension between “security and development” due to its inherent conflict with the globally interconnected and highly efficient nature of e-commerce. Although the regime enhances regulatory effectiveness and fosters the growth of domestic industries, it simultaneously increases corporate compliance costs, constrains supply chain efficiency, and inhibits business model innovation. This paper aims to analyze this tension, explore how data localization systematically reshapes the competitive landscape and development trajectory of China’s e-commerce, and seek a synergistic path that balances regulatory constraints with industrial innovation, thereby providing theoretical insights for enhancing the sustainable competitiveness of China’s e-commerce.