基于3D打印与生态美学融合的人工鱼礁创新设计与实践研究

Innovative Design and Practical Research on Artificial Reefs Based on the Integration of 3D Printing and Ecological Aesthetics

摘要: 针对传统人工鱼礁在生态兼容性、结构功能及美学价值方面的固有局限，本研究立足于跨学科融合视角，提出了“礁艺源生”——一个基于3D打印技术的人工鱼礁艺术化设计体系。项目以“科技重塑生态，艺术对话海洋”为核心理念，深度融合了参数化仿生设计、生态材料科学与海洋工程学。通过系统性研发水泥基梯度孔隙透水混凝土材料，并优化其3D打印工艺路径，成功实现了复杂内部腔体与外部仿生曲面的无模化精准建造。结构设计上，创新性地提出了“嵌套式分选结构”与“流体仿形曲面”两种模型，前者通过孔径的数学梯度变化模拟自然礁石微生境异质性，有效规避种内捕食；后者经计算流体动力学模拟优化，显著降低了水流涡激振动。本研究超越了将人工鱼礁视为单纯工程设施的传统范式，将其重新定义为“可生长的海洋生态艺术品”，旨在通过技术革新与美学赋能为海洋牧场的低碳化、智能化及可持续发展提供兼具学术前沿性与实践可行性的创新解决方案。初步实验与模型验证表明，该设计体系在提升生物附着效率、优化局域流场及增强视觉融合度方面展现出显著潜力。

Abstract: In view of the inherent limitations of traditional artificial reefs in terms of ecological compatibility, structural function and aesthetic value, this study, from the perspective of interdisciplinary integration, proposes “Jiao Yi Yuan Sheng”—an artistic design system for artificial reefs based on 3D printing technology. The project takes “Technology Reshaping Ecology, art Engaging in Dialogue with the Ocean” as its core concept, deeply integrating parametric bionic design, ecological materials science and Marine engineering. Through systematic research and development of cement-based gradient pore permeable concrete materials and optimization of its 3D printing process path, the precise and mold-free construction of complex internal cavities and external bionic surfaces has been successfully achieved. In terms of structural design, two models, namely “nested sorting structure” and “fluid profiling surface”, were innovatively proposed. The former simulates the heterogeneity of the natural reef microhabitat through the mathematical gradient change of pore size, effectively avoiding intraspecular prefabrication. The latter, after being optimized through computational fluid dynamics simulation, significantly reduces the vortex-induced vibration of water flow. This research goes beyond the traditional paradigm of regarding artificial reefs as mere engineering facilities and redefines them as “growable Marine ecological artworks”, aiming to provide innovative solutions that are both academic at the forefront and practical feasible for the low-carbonization, intelligence and sustainable development of Marine ranches through technological innovation and aesthetic empowerment. Preliminary experiments and model verification indicate that this design system demonstrates significant potential in enhancing the efficiency of biological attachment, optimizing the local flow field, and improving visual integration.