基于GIS规划模型的自然保护区无人机巡护覆盖问题研究

Research on UAV Patrol Coverage in Nature Reserves Based on GIS Planning Model

摘要: 国家级自然保护区在野外巡护工作中存在着一些需要解决的问题，主要是在巡护的基础设施和科技支撑环境不具备、以及高空卫星遥感监测与地面监测相结合的生态和资源监测方面，应用低空无人机巡护存在着巡护站的经济建设和维护降低成本等问题，其中的选址布局则是最关键的问题。文中首先建立了无人机巡护覆盖问题的通用数学整数规划模型，然后以壶瓶山自然保护区为例，应用水经注卫星影像图、地理坐标配准的矢量地图和栅格地图等采集了各功能分区之间的最大距离，形成了距离邻接矩阵表，选择以大疆林用无人机为例，应用通用数学规划软件LINGO编程，分低航程、中航程、远航程三种不同场景计算得到无人机巡护覆盖问题的初步解决方案，再结合实际地形进行动态调整，最终得到可灵活选择的可行方案，实现了“少站点、广覆盖、快反应”的现代巡护新范式，经验证方案科学可靠。

Abstract: There are some problems that need to be solved in the field patrol work of national nature reserves, mainly in the lack of infrastructure and technological support environment for patrol, as well as the combination of high-altitude satellite remote sensing monitoring and ground monitoring for ecological and resource monitoring. The application of low altitude unmanned aerial vehicles for patrol has problems such as the economic construction and maintenance cost reduction of patrol stations, among which the site selection and layout are the most critical issues. The article first establishes a general mathematical integer programming model for the problem of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) patrol coverage. Then, taking the Hupingshan Nature Reserve as an example, the maximum distance between each functional zone is collected using satellite images of water injection, vector maps registered with geographic coordinates, and raster maps, forming a distance adjacency matrix table. Take the DJI forestry drone as an example, the general mathematical programming software LINGO is used to program and calculate the preliminary solution to the UAV patrol coverage problem in three different scenarios: low range, medium range, and long range. Combined with the actual terrain, a feasible solution that can be flexibly selected is finally obtained, realizing a new paradigm of modern patrol with “few stations, wide coverage, and fast response”. After verification, the solution is scientifically reliable.