公共领域数字化转型的哲学审思

Philosophical Reflection on the Digital Transformation of the Public Sphere

摘要: 哈贝马斯的公共领域理论在数字时代遭遇了解释力与正当性的双重挑战。该理论奠基于资产阶级公共领域的历史形态，以交往理性与批判性公共舆论为规范性核心，却内在蕴含阶级与性别的排他性结构。数字转型并非理想公共领域的简单延展，而是由算法权力、平台资本与技术协议所主导的深层重构。数字界面塑造新型主体间性，却也再生产出隐性的筛选机制与话语控制，导致公共领域面临再封建化危机。在此背景下，重建数字公共性需超越西方中心的理论预设，融入本土语境与全球科技伦理视角，通过技术治理与公民理性的双重途径，方可能实现一种更具包容性与批判性的数字交往空间。

Abstract: Habermas’s theory of the public sphere faces dual challenges of explanatory power and legitimacy in the digital age. Rooted in the historical form of the bourgeois public sphere, this theory takes communicative rationality and critical public opinion as its normative core, yet inherently contains an exclusive structure based on class and gender. Digital transformation is not a simple extension of the ideal public sphere, but a profound reconstruction dominated by algorithmic power, platform capital, and technical protocols. Digital interfaces shape a new type of intersubjectivity, but also reproduce implicit screening mechanisms and discourse control, plunging the public sphere into a crisis of re-feudalization. Against this backdrop, reconstructing digital publicity requires transcending the Western-centric theoretical presuppositions, integrating local contexts with a global perspective on tech ethics, and only through the dual approaches of tech governance and civic rationality can a more inclusive and critical digital communication space be realized.