基于马克思主义理论视角的妇女解放路径探寻

Exploring Pathways to Women’s Liberation from a Marxist Theoretical Perspective

摘要: 资本主义背景下自由主义女性主义在西方甚至东方社会如韩国等已成为一种活跃的社会思潮，其勃兴的成因包括社会背景、其理论的吸引力以及妇女运动的推动等，但由于其内在局限性，在社会结构分析、实施成效和群体团结等多方面仍有不足，正如南茜·弗雷泽所批判的，自由主义女性主义的目标是“使社会等级制度女性化”，而非废除它，这种路径使得其所承诺的普遍妇女解放，在资本主义结构下愈发成为一种难以实现的幻象。针对这一自由主义女性主义迷思，基于马克思主义理论视角，通过结合马克思主义女性主义从而实现对其的超越。一方面，通过深刻剖析妇女受压迫的根源，更好地把握女性主义的深刻性；另一方面，通过全面分析社会结构和阶级关系，提出更系统的解决方案，为妇女解放提供更全面和更具可行性的实现路径。妇女解放与全人类解放具有一致性，在妇女解放的实现过程中推动社会更加朝着公平正义的方向发展，最终实现全人类在经济、政治、社会等多方面的平等与自由。

Abstract: Under the backdrop of capitalism, liberal feminism has become an active social ideology in both Western and even some Eastern societies, such as South Korea. Its rise is attributed to factors including social context, the appeal of its theory, and the promotion of women’s movements. However, due to its inherent limitations, it still falls short in areas such as social structure analysis, implementation effectiveness, and group solidarity. As Nancy Fraser criticizes, the goal of liberal feminism is to “feminize social hierarchies” rather than abolish them. This approach makes the promised universal liberation of women increasingly an elusive illusion under the capitalist structure. To address this liberal feminist myth, from a Marxist theoretical perspective, and by integrating Marxist feminism, one can transcend it. On one hand, by profoundly analyzing the root causes of women’s oppression, we can better grasp the depth of feminism; on the other hand, through a comprehensive analysis of social structures and class relations, more systematic solutions can be proposed, providing a more comprehensive and feasible path for women’s liberation. Women’s liberation is consistent with the liberation of all humanity. In the process of achieving women’s liberation, society is further advanced toward fairness and justice, ultimately realizing equality and freedom for all in economic, political, social, and other aspects.