油气站场安全风险评估与动态预警优化的研究综述

A Review of Research on Safety Risk Assessment and Dynamic Early Warning Optimization in Oil and Gas Stations

摘要: 油气站场作为石油石化产业链的关键节点，涉及天然气、液化石油气等易燃易爆、有毒有害介质，且存在高压、低温等复杂工艺条件，易发生泄漏、火灾、爆炸等事故，对人员、财产及生态环境构成严重威胁。安全风险评估是预防事故、提升站场安全管理水平的核心技术手段。本文从多个维度系统性地梳理油气站场的核心风险源，构建了全面的安全风险评估指标体系，并探讨了相应的评估方法。针对现有评估体系中动态性不足、人为因素量化困难等问题，提出融合物联网与人工智能的动态风险预警优化方向，为油气站场安全风险精准管控提供理论与实践参考。

Abstract: Oil and gas stations, as key nodes in the petroleum and petrochemical industry chain, involve flammable, explosive, toxic, and hazardous media such as natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas. They also face complex process conditions such as high pressure and low temperature, making them prone to leakage, fire, explosion, and other accidents, posing serious threats to personnel, property, and the ecological environment. Safety risk assessment is a core technical means to prevent accidents and enhance the safety management level of stations. This paper systematically sorts out the core risk sources of oil and gas stations from multiple dimensions, constructs a comprehensive safety risk assessment index system, and discusses corresponding assessment methods. Addressing the issues of insufficient dynamism and difficulties in quantifying human factors in the existing assessment system, this paper proposes a direction for dynamic risk early warning optimization that integrates the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence, providing theoretical and practical references for precise control of safety risks in oil and gas stations.