场效应晶体管生物传感器在泌尿系统疾病中的应用
Application of Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors in Urological Diseases
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2025.15123580, PDF,    国家自然科学基金支持
作者: 石恒煜*, 王承涛*, 黄强强, 吴淞名, 梁华庚#：华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院泌尿外科，湖北 武汉
关键词: 场效应晶体管；生物传感器；生物标志物；泌尿系统疾病；Field-Effect Transistor； Biosensor； Biomarker； Urological Disease
摘要: 泌尿系统疾病的传统诊断方法如组织活检和尿液培养虽然准确，但存在耗时长、成本高和对实验条件依赖性强等局限，难以满足早期筛查与快速决策需求。随着生物标志物在疾病诊断和监测中的价值日益突出，场效应晶体管生物传感器凭借无标记检测、实时响应、超高灵敏度及可集成化等优势，成为泌尿系统疾病分子诊断的重要新工具。该类传感器通过电场调控机制直接转导生物分子结合事件，可实现前列腺癌、膀胱癌、急性肾损伤及尿路感染相关蛋白质、核酸和外泌体标志物的快速且非侵入性检测。本综述总结了场效应晶体管生物传感器在泌尿系统疾病诊断中的关键技术进展，并讨论其临床转化的主要挑战与未来发展方向。
Abstract: Traditional diagnostic methods for urological diseases, such as tissue biopsy and urine culture, are accurate but limited by long processing times, high costs, and dependence on specialized laboratory conditions, making them insufficient for early screening and rapid clinical decision-making. As the clinical value of biomarkers continues to grow, field-effect transistor biosensors have emerged as a promising diagnostic technology due to their label-free detection, real-time response, ultrahigh sensitivity, and ease of integration. By directly transducing biomolecular binding events through electrostatic gating mechanisms, these sensors enable rapid and noninvasive detection of proteins, nucleic acids, and exosomal biomarkers associated with prostate cancer, bladder cancer, acute kidney injury, and urinary tract infections. This review summarizes recent technological advances in field-effect transistor biosensors for urological disease diagnostics and discusses key challenges and future directions for their clinical translation.
文章引用：石恒煜, 王承涛, 黄强强, 吴淞名, 梁华庚. 场效应晶体管生物传感器在泌尿系统疾病中的应用[J]. 临床医学进展, 2025, 15(12): 1678-1686. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2025.15123580

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