滨海湿地CO₂通量排放研究综述：产生机制与影响因素

A Review of CO₂ Flux Emissions from Coastal Wetlands: Generating Mechanisms and Influencing Factors

摘要: 全球气候变暖背景下，CO₂作为占比76%的主要温室气体，其排放与吸收对气候影响显著。滨海湿地作为海陆过渡带关键生态系统，既是CO₂重要源汇，又因生态系统呼吸可能成为净碳源，其CO₂通量规律对全球碳循环及“双碳”目标意义重大。本文综述表明，滨海湿地CO₂产生以生态系统呼吸为核心，含土壤呼吸与植物地上呼吸，且与碳循环耦合；传输依赖植物通气组织、气泡上浮等路径，排放通量为光合吸收与呼吸排放的净差值。温度、湿度、盐分、潮汐等非生物因子，植物生理与群落特征等生物因子，及围垦养殖等人类活动共同调控通量。未来需强化观测技术整合、多因子耦合研究、长期定位观测及区域碳收支模型构建，为湿地管理提供支撑。

Abstract: Under the backdrop of global climate warming, CO₂, accounting for 76% of greenhouse gas emissions, significantly impacts the climate through its emission and absorption processes. As a key transitional ecosystem between land and sea, coastal wetlands serve as both a major source and sink for CO₂. Due to ecosystem respiration, they may also become net carbon sources. The patterns of CO₂ flux in these wetlands hold critical significance for the global carbon cycle and the “dual carbon” goals. This review indicates that CO₂ production in coastal wetlands is primarily driven by ecosystem respiration, encompassing soil respiration and aboveground plant respiration, and is coupled with the carbon cycle. Transmission relies on pathways such as plant aerenchyma and bubble rise, with net flux resulting from the difference between photosynthetic uptake and respiratory emissions. Nonbiotic factors like temperature, humidity, salinity, and tides, as well as biotic factors including plant physiology and community characteristics, along with human activities such as reclamation and aquaculture, collectively regulate flux. Future efforts should focus on integrating observational technologies, multi-factor coupling research, long-term monitoring, and the development of regional carbon budget models to support wetland management.