黄河裸裂尻鱼资源保护与开发利用研究进展

Research Progress on the Resource Conservation and Utilization of Schizopygopsis pylzovi

摘要: 黄河裸裂尻鱼是青藏高原黄河水系特有种，是研究高原鱼类适应性进化与生物多样性保护的理想模型。本文系统综述了黄河裸裂尻鱼的生物学特性、种群衰退因素、保护措施及资源利用现状。已有研究表明，栖息地破坏、过度捕捞和外来鱼类入侵等因素导致黄河裸裂尻鱼种群数量急剧下降。通过就地保护、人工增殖放流、禁渔期设置等综合措施，种群衰退趋势得到初步遏制。近年来，黄河裸裂尻鱼人工繁殖和养殖技术取得显著进步，为后续开发利用奠定了基础，同时为高原特有鱼类资源保护提供理论依据和实践范式。

Abstract: The Schizopygopsis pylzovi is an endemic species of the Yellow River system on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and an ideal model for studying the adaptive evolution and biodiversity conservation of plateau fish. This paper systematically reviews the biological characteristics, factors of population decline, conservation measures, and current status of resource utilization of Schizopygopsis pylzovi. It has been demonstrated that the population of Schizopygopsis pylzovi declined sharply because of habitat destruction, overfishing, and the invasion of invasive fish. The trend of population decline has been initially curbed by in situ conservation, artificial propagation and release, and the establishment of prohibited fishing periods. In recent years, there has been significant progress in artificial breeding and aquaculture technology of Schizopygopsis pylzovi, laying a foundation for subsequent development and application, and providing a theoretical basis and practical models for the conservation of fish resources on the plateau.