荧光原位杂交技术研究进展

Advances of Fluorescence in situ Hybridization Technology

摘要: 荧光原位杂交技术，即其FISH技术是一项在已有放射性原位杂交技术根基之上，逐渐发展起来的非放射性原位杂交技术，该项技术是应用了核苷酸之间的碱基互补配对原则来进行操作，因其在操作过程中含有未与特定的靶标分子结合时不发光，而与特定的靶标分子结合时发生相互作用后才会发出荧光的标记探针，从而被广泛地应用于各种检测之中。更为重要的是其将分子检测与基因检测完美地连接起来，在分子层面它直接在细胞核内或染色体上对特定的DNA序列进行定位定性和相对定量，实现了对基因异常的可视化分析，在基因层面，它的检测目标直接指向具体的基因或基因片段揭示了遗传物质的改变与疾病表型之间的关联。从诞生发展至今，其已经具有四十多年的历史。本文主要介绍其现今的研究进展，以及该技术的特点和优势，来具体体现荧光原位杂交技术的强大检测能力。

Abstract: Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) Technology is a non-radioactive in situ hybridization technique that has gradually developed on the basis of the existing radioactive in situ hybridization technology. This technique operates based on the principle of complementary base pairing between nucleotides. Due to the fact that the labeled probes used in this technique do not emit fluorescence when they are not bound to specific target molecules but do so after interacting with them, it has been widely applied in various detection processes. At the molecular level, it directly locates, qualitatively and relatively quantitatively specific DNA sequences within the cell nucleus or on chromosomes, achieving visual analysis of gene abnormalities. At the genetic level, its detection targets directly point to specific genes or gene fragments, revealing the association between changes in genetic material and disease phenotypes. Since its birth and development, it has a history of more than 40 years. This article mainly introduces its current research progress, as well as the characteristics and advantages of this technology, to specifically demonstrate the powerful detection capability of Fluorescence in situ Hybridization Technology.