基于多属性决策的混凝土建筑火灾安全风险评估研究

Study on Fire Safety Risk Assessment of Concrete Buildings Based on Multi-Attribute Decision Making

摘要: 混凝土建筑物在火灾作用下的安全危险等级评估是一个涵盖多指标、不确定性因素的复杂问题。本文针对混凝土建筑火灾安全风险评估中的多属性决策问题，结合系统工程理论，构建了基于组合权重和改进多属性决策方法的综合评估模型。研究首先建立了包含火灾危险性、结构抗火性能、消防设施水平及疏散救援能力4个一级指标和20个二级指标的评估体系；其次采用博弈论组合赋权法综合主客观权重，结合MTOPSIS-GRA (改进逼近理想解排序–灰色关联分析)模型进行综合评估；最后通过实例分析验证了模型的有效性。结果表明该方法能科学量化混凝土建筑物火灾风险等级，为建筑消防设计与安全管理提供决策依据。本研究也为混凝土建筑物火灾风险评估提供了新方法与实践路径。

Abstract: The safety risk level assessment of concrete buildings under fire is a complex issue involving multiple indicators and uncertain factors. Aiming at the multi-attribute decision-making problem in the fire safety risk assessment of concrete buildings, this paper combines system engineering theory to construct a comprehensive evaluation model based on combined weights and an improved multi-attribute decision-making method. Firstly, the study establishes an evaluation system including 4 first-level indicators (fire hazard, structural fire resistance, fire-fighting facility level, and evacuation and rescue capability) and 20 second-level indicators. Secondly, the game theory-based combined weighting method is used to integrate subjective and objective weights, and the MTOPSIS-GRA (Modified Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution-Grey Relational Analysis) model is combined for comprehensive evaluation. Finally, the effectiveness of the model is verified through case analysis. The results show that this method can scientifically quantify the fire risk level of concrete buildings and provide a decision-making basis for building fire protection design and safety management. This study also provides a new method and practical path for the fire risk assessment of concrete buildings.