数字治理视域下电商平台服务协议的行政法功能研究

A Study on the Administrative Law Functions of E-Commerce Platform Service Agreements from the Perspective of Digital Governance

摘要: 在数字经济深化发展背景下，电商平台服务协议已突破传统民事契约边界，逐渐承载行政法层面的治理功能，成为“国家–市场–社会”三元治理框架中的关键载体。本文以服务协议的二元属性(民事交易属性与行政管理属性)为逻辑起点，系统剖析其行政法功能的核心表现：规则细化与标准建构功能通过转化法律原则为实操规则弥补立法抽象性，违规行为规制与市场秩序塑造功能借助实时监测实现事前事中监管，权利救济与纠纷化解功能以低成本机制减轻行政与司法负担。同时，从法律属性维度辨析服务协议处罚措施与行政处罚的差异，明确其在三元治理中的“新型治理主体”定位。研究发现，当前服务协议行政法功能面临法律依据模糊、治理标准不统一、权力制约与救济缺失等现实困境。据此提出规制路径：构建“法律授权 + 契约自治”二元规范体系、建立行政监管与平台自治的协同机制、健全权利救济与司法审查制度。本文研究旨在厘清服务协议与行政法体系的衔接逻辑，为数字经济时代平台治理的法治化提供理论支撑，推动平台自治与政府监管的功能互补，实现公共利益与市场主体权益的平衡。

Abstract: Against the background of the in-depth development of the digital economy, e-commerce platform service agreements have transcended the boundaries of traditional civil contracts and gradually assumed governance functions at the administrative law level, becoming a key carrier in the “state-market-society” tripartite governance framework. Starting from the dual attributes (civil transaction attribute and administrative management attribute) of service agreements, this paper systematically analyzes the core manifestations of their administrative law functions: the function of rule refinement and standard construction makes up for the abstractness of legislation by transforming legal principles into practical rules; the function of regulating illegal acts and shaping market order realizes ex-ante and in-process supervision through real-time monitoring; the function of right relief and dispute resolution reduces the burden on administrative and judicial organs through low-cost mechanisms. At the same time, from the perspective of legal attributes, it distinguishes the differences between the punishment measures in service agreements and administrative penalties, and clarifies its position as a “new governance subject” in the tripartite governance. The study finds that the current administrative law functions of service agreements face practical dilemmas such as vague legal basis, inconsistent governance standards, and lack of power restriction and relief. Accordingly, regulatory paths are proposed: constructing a dual normative system of “legal authorization + contractual autonomy”, establishing a collaborative mechanism between administrative supervision and platform autonomy, and improving the right relief and judicial review system. The purpose of this study is to clarify the connection logic between service agreements and the administrative law system, provide theoretical support for the legalization of platform governance in the digital economy era, promote the functional complementarity between platform autonomy and government supervision, and realize the balance between public interests and the rights and interests of market entities.