冷却速率对2524铝合金微观组织及力学性能的影响
Influence of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2524 Aluminum Alloy
DOI: 10.12677/ms.2025.1512229, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 彭金涛：中南大学材料科学与工程学院，湖南 长沙；江苏江顺精密科技集团股份有限公司，江苏 无锡；张 勇*：中南大学材料科学与工程学院，湖南 长沙；山东省高强韧铝合金型材与技术重点实验室，山东 临沂；张振峰：江苏江顺精密科技集团股份有限公司，江苏 无锡；杨 毅：陕西飞机工业(集团)有限公司，陕西 汉中；徐严谨：中国航空制造技术研究院金属材料技术研究所，北京
关键词: 2524铝合金；力学性能；位错密度；Al2CuMg相；2524 Aluminum Alloy； Mechanical Properties； Dislocation Density； Al2CuMg Phase
摘要: 本文系统研究了不同冷却方式(水冷、油冷、空冷和风冷)对2524铝合金在固溶处理后自然时效过程中的显微组织及力学性能的影响。通过硬度测试、拉伸实验、扫描电镜(SEM)以及背散射电子衍射(EBSD)分析，揭示了冷却速率对晶粒尺寸、位错密度及第二相析出行为的调控机制。结果表明，冷却速率显著影响合金的硬度与力学性能，其强度变化规律为：水冷 > 油冷 ≈ 风冷 > 空冷。水冷试样在96 h自然时效后硬度达到131.8 HV，其抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为442.4 MPa和272.0 MPa，表现出最好的力学性能。EBSD结果显示，水冷试样的平均晶粒尺寸最小(44.38 μm)，而空冷试样的平均晶粒尺寸最大(57.09 μm)。SEM观察发现，空冷试样中出现无弥散相区，其强度明显下降。综合分析表明，冷却速率通过影响晶粒尺寸、位错密度和析出相特征协同调控2524铝合金的力学性能。油冷试样在强度(428.9 MPa)与延伸率(18.17%)之间实现了最佳平衡。研究结果为2524铝合金的热处理工艺优化与应用提供了理论依据。
Abstract: This study systematically investigates the effects of different cooling methods (water cooling, oil cooling, air cooling, and forced air cooling) on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of 2524 aluminum alloy during the natural aging process after solution treatment. Through microhardness testing, tensile experiments, SEM, and EBSD analyses, the regulating mechanisms of cooling rate on grain size, dislocation density, and secondary phase precipitation behavior were elucidated. The results show that the cooling rate has a significant influence on the hardness and mechanical performance of the alloy, with strength variations following the order: water cooling > oil cooling ≈ forced air cooling > air cooling. After 96 h of natural aging, the water-cooled sample exhibited the highest hardness (131.8 HV), tensile strength (442.4 MPa), and yield strength (272.0 MPa), indicating the highest tensile properties. EBSD analysis revealed that the water-cooled specimen possessed the smallest average grain size (44.38 μm), while the air-cooled specimen exhibited the largest average grain size (57.09 μm). SEM observations indicated the presence of dispersed-free zones (DFZs) in the air-cooled sample, corresponding to a significant reduction in strength. Overall, the cooling rate synergistically regulates the mechanical properties of 2524 aluminum alloy by influencing grain size, dislocation density, and the characteristics of precipitated phases. Among the tested conditions, the oil-cooled specimen achieved the best balance between strength (428.9 MPa) and elongation (18.17%). These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the heat treatment processes and practical applications of 2524 aluminum alloys.
文章引用：彭金涛, 张勇, 张振峰, 杨毅, 徐严谨. 冷却速率对2524铝合金微观组织及力学性能的影响[J]. 材料科学, 2025, 15(12): 2157-2166. https://doi.org/10.12677/ms.2025.1512229

参考文献

[1] Wang, S.C. and Starink, M.J. (2007) Two Types of S Phase Precipitates in Al-Cu-Mg Alloys. Acta Materialia, 55, 933-941. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[2] Ringer, S.P., Sakurai, T. and Polmear, I.J. (1997) Origins of Hardening in Aged Al-Gu-Mg-(Ag) Alloys. Acta Materialia, 45, 3731-3744. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[3] Tian, L.P., Quan, L.W., Wang, C.C., Yu, W., Huang, L.X., Shin, K.S., et al. (2023) Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2524 Aluminum Alloy with Dislocation Loops by Various Quenching Rates. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 886, Article ID: 145659. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[4] Yu, H., Tian, L., Quan, L., Liu, C., Huang, L., Xu, Y., et al. (2025) Effects of Dislocation Loop on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of LN2-Quenched 2524 Al Alloy. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 35, 2822-2829. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[5] Williams, J.C. and Starke, E.A. (2003) Progress in Structural Materials for Aerospace Systems. Acta Materialia, 51, 5775-5799. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[6] Rosales, B.M. and Iannuzzi, M. (2008) Aluminium AA2024 T351 Aeronautical Alloy: Part 1. Microbial Influenced Corrosion Analysis. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 472, 15-25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[7] Qi, Z., Cong, B., Qi, B., Sun, H., Zhao, G. and Ding, J. (2018) Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Double-Wire + Arc Additively Manufactured Al-Cu-Mg Alloys. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 255, 347-353. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[8] Quan, L., Zhao, G., Gao, S. and Muddle, B.C. (2011) Effect of Pre-Stretching on Microstructure of Aged 2524 Aluminium Alloy. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 21, 1957-1962. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[9] Yin, M., Chen, J., Wang, S., Liu, Z., Cha, L., Duan, S., et al. (2016) Anisotropic and Temperature-Dependent Growth Mechanism of S-Phase Precipitates in Al-Cu-Mg Alloy in Relation with GPB Zones. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 26, 1-11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[10] Liu, Y., Han, X., Wang, S., Wei, B. and Li, W. (2020) Subtle Atomistic Processes of S-Phase Formation in Al-Cu-Mg Alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 838, Article ID: 155677. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[11] Charai, A., Walther, T., Alfonso, C., Zahra, A. and Zahra, C.Y. (2000) Coexistence of Clusters, GPB Zones, S”-, S’-and S-Phases in an Al-0.9% Cu-1.4% Mg Alloy. Acta Materialia, 48, 2751-2764. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[12] Styles, M.J., Marceau, R.K.W., Bastow, T.J., Brand, H.E.A., Gibson, M.A. and Hutchinson, C.R. (2015) The Competition between Metastable and Equilibrium S (Al2CuMg) Phase during the Decomposition of Al-Cu-Mg Alloys. Acta Materialia, 98, 64-80. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[13] Ratchev, P., Verlinden, B., De Smet, P. and Van Houtte, P. (1998) Precipitation Hardening of an Al-4.2wt% Mg-0.6wt% Cu Alloy. Acta Materialia, 46, 3523-3533. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[14] Feng, Z.Q., Yang, Y.Q., Huang, B., Luo, X., Li, M.H., Han, M., et al. (2011) Variant Selection and the Strengthening Effect of S Precipitates at Dislocations in Al-Cu-Mg Alloy. Acta Materialia, 59, 2412-2422. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[15] Feng, Z., Yang, Y., Huang, B., Luo, X., Li, M., Chen, Y., et al. (2013) HRTEM and HAADF-STEM Tomography Investigation of the Heterogeneously Formed S (Al2CuMg) Precipitates in Al-Cu-Mg Alloy. Philosophical Magazine, 93, 1843-1858. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[16] Wang, J., Zhang, B., Zhou, Y.T. and Ma, X.L. (2015) Multiple Twins of a Decagonal Approximant Embedded in S-Al2CuMg Phase Resulting in Pitting Initiation of a 2024Al Alloy. Acta Materialia, 82, 22-31. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[17] Marceau, R.K.W., Sha, G., Ferragut, R., Dupasquier, A. and Ringer, S.P. (2010) Solute Clustering in Al-Cu-Mg Alloys during the Early Stages of Elevated Temperature Ageing. Acta Materialia, 58, 4923-4939. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 

为你推荐