借助AI培养批判性思维的教学案例实证分析

Fostering Critical Thinking in AI-Enhanced Teaching: An Empirical Case Study

摘要: 为应对生成式人工智能对教育的挑战，本研究基于建构主义理论，构建了“AI四阶段层级能力发展支架模型”。通过在研究生学术英语课程中开展准实验研究，并结合问卷、反思日志、教师记录等数据，实证探究该模型借助AI培养学生批判性思维的有效性。结果显示，实验组学生在元思辨能力、认知技能和情感特质上均取得显著提升。研究验证了将AI作为“思维支架”的系统路径，为智能时代的批判性思维教学提供了实践范式，并探讨了相应的教师角色转变。

Abstract: Addressing the educational challenges posed by generative AI, this study developed a “AI Four-Stage Hierarchical Critical Thinking Ability Development Scaffolding Model” based on constructivist theory. A quasi-experiment in a postgraduate academic English course, employing questionnaires and reflective journals, examined the model’s efficacy in fostering critical thinking. Results showed that the experimental group significantly improved in meta-critical thinking, cognitive skills, and affective dispositions. This study validates a systematic approach of using AI as a “thinking scaffold,” offering a practical paradigm for critical thinking pedagogy and illuminating the evolving role of teachers.