数字平台新就业群体社保政策落实的困境与突破

The Dilemma and Breakthrough in Implementing Social Security Policies for New Employment Groups on Digital Platforms

摘要: 随着数字化时代平台经济的发展，以“弱从属性”为核心特征的新就业群体规模不断扩大，如今已成为劳动力市场重要组成部分，但该群体社保政策落实面临诸多挑战。本文通过梳理国家与地方相关社保政策及企业执行情况，发现国家构建了从职业伤害保障到全面社保权益的政策体系，地方政策在参保、缴费、服务等方面有一定程度的创新，企业虽有落实但覆盖不足。同时，运用协同治理理论从政府、平台、个人、数字经济特点四维度分析，得出政策落实存在地方政策碎片化、平台责任规避、个人参保意愿低、社保关系难追踪等困境，基于此，本文提出“政府主导、平台担责、个人参与”的多主体协同对策，旨在为新就业群体社保政策落地提供路径，保障其社保权益，助力数字经济持续健康发展。

Abstract: With the development of the platform economy in the digital era, the scale of new employment groups, with “weak subordination” as their core characteristic, has been continuously expanding. Nowadays, they have become an important part of the labor market, but the implementation of social security policies for this group faces many challenges. This paper, by reviewing relevant national and local social security policies and the implementation status of enterprises, finds that the country has established a policy system ranging from occupational injury protection to comprehensive social security rights and interests. Local policies have made certain innovations in aspects such as insurance participation, payment, and services. Although enterprises have implemented these policies, coverage is insufficient. At the same time, using collaborative governance theory to analyze from four dimensions: government, platform, individual, and characteristics of the digital economy, it is concluded that there are difficulties in policy implementation such as fragmented local policies, platform responsibility avoidance, low willingness of individuals to participate in insurance, and difficulty in tracking social security relationships. Based on this, this paper proposes a multi-agent collaborative approach of “government leadership, platform responsibility, and individual participation”, aiming to provide a path for the implementation of social security policies for new employment groups, safeguard their social security rights and interests, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the digital economy.