碳中和目标下绿色电商的立法促进机制研究

Research on the Legislative Promotion Mechanism of Green E-Commerce under the Goal of Carbon Neutrality

摘要: 本文围绕碳中和目标下绿色电商的立法促进机制展开系统研究。在“双碳”的战略背景下，电子商务快速发展伴随着资源过度消耗与碳排放的问题日益严重，亟需通过法治的手段推动其向绿色低碳转型。目前我国相关立法存在体系碎片化、激励约束机制失衡、关键制度供给缺失以及多元主体权责模糊等问题，很难有效地支撑电商平台系统性变革。本研究在讨论绿色电商法律内涵的基础之上，提出构建以“专项立法 + 配套制度”为模式、激励、约束与保障三类机制有机结合的综合性法律促进体系。其中，激励性机制主要通过绿色税收、专项基金、碳市场衔接等经济工具激发市场内生动力；约束性机制通过明确电商平台义务、建立绿色标准与碳标签制度、强化生产者责任延伸；保障性机制则强调部门协同监管、信息强制公示与公众参与渠道的法治化。针对绿色包装与循环利用、绿色供应链管理、碳足迹核算与披露等关键领域进一步提出了相关的具体法律制度设计。最后，本文建议立法路径采取循序渐进策略，通过近期修订细则、中期制定专门条例、远期推动高位阶法律出台，推动系统性的法治建设从而保障绿色电商高质量发展，实现经济效益、社会效益与生态效益的统一。

Abstract: This article conducts a systematic study on the legislative promotion mechanism of green e-commerce under the goal of carbon neutrality. Under the strategic background of “dual carbon”, the rapid development of e-commerce is accompanied by the increasing problems of excessive consumption of resources and carbon emissions. It is urgent to promote its transformation to green and low-carbon through the rule of law. At present, there are problems such as system fragmentation, imbalance of incentive and constraint mechanism, lack of key institutional supply, and vague authority and responsibility of multiple subjects in China’s relevant legislation. It is difficult to effectively support the systematic transformation of e-commerce platforms. On the basis of discussing the legal connotation of green e-commerce, this study proposes to build a comprehensive legal promotion system that organically combines the three types of mechanisms of “special legislation + supporting system” as the model, incentives, constraints and guarantees. Among them, the incentive mechanism mainly stimulates the endoxic power of the market through economic tools such as green taxation, special funds, and carbon market connection; the constraining mechanism strengthens the extension of producer responsibility by clarifying the obligations of e-commerce platforms, establishing green standards and carbon labeling systems; the guarantee mechanism emphasizes departmental coordination supervision and information compulsory public Show the rule of law in the public participation channel. For key areas such as green packaging and recycling, green supply chain management, carbon footprint accounting and disclosure, the relevant specific legal system design has been further proposed. Finally, this article suggests that the legislative path should adopt a gradual strategy, promote the systematic construction of the rule of law through the recent revision of detailed rules, the formulation of special regulations in the medium term, and the long-term promotion of high-level laws, so as to ensure the high-quality development of green e-commerce, and realize the unification of economic benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits.