数字“异化”与智能“解放”——人工智能时代消费者与劳动者的双重逻辑

Digital “Alienation” and Intelligent “Emancipation”—The Dual Logic of Consumers and Workers in the AI Era

摘要: 人工智能技术的快速发展正在深刻重塑劳动与消费的社会结构，推动人类社会进入以算法、数据与平台为核心的数字化阶段。本文以马克思“异化–解放”理论为分析框架，探讨人工智能时代消费者与劳动者的双重逻辑。研究指出，AI技术在资本逻辑主导下表现出“数字异化”倾向：劳动者被算法控制、数据剥削，消费者在平台机制中被动生产数据价值，从而导致主体性的削弱。然而，人工智能同时蕴含“智能解放”的潜能。通过技术伦理重构、制度创新与数字素养提升，个体有可能实现从“被动对象”到“主动主体”的再主体化过程。本文认为，人工智能并非异化的必然载体，而是一种具有辩证双重性的社会力量，唯有将技术理性转化为社会理性，构建以人为本的技术治理体系，方能实现人工智能时代的人类解放与社会共进。

Abstract: The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) is profoundly reshaping the social structures of labor and consumption, ushering in a digital era centered on algorithms, data, and platforms. Drawing upon Marx’s theory of “alienation and liberation”, this paper explores the dual logic of consumers and workers in the age of AI. The study argues that under the dominance of capitalist logic, AI manifests a tendency toward “digital alienation”: workers are controlled by algorithms and exploited through data extraction, while consumers passively generate value within platform mechanisms, leading to the erosion of subjectivity. However, AI also embodies the potential for “intelligent emancipation”. Through the reconstruction of technological ethics, institutional innovation, and the enhancement of digital literacy, individuals can undergo a process of re-subjectification, transforming from “passive objects” into “active subjects”. The paper concludes that AI is not inherently a vehicle of alienation but a dialectical social force. Only by transforming technological rationality into social rationality and building a human-centered governance framework can genuine human liberation and social co-evolution be achieved in the age of artificial intelligence.