慢性鼻窦炎伴嗅觉障碍治疗进展

Advances in the Treatment of Chronic Sinusitis with Olfactory Dysfunction

摘要: 嗅觉障碍指嗅觉功能部分减退、丧失或异常。本文系统介绍了慢性鼻窦炎导致的嗅觉障碍的发生机制、嗅觉功能评估方法，并重点阐述慢性鼻窦炎导致的嗅觉障碍的治疗进展，包括药物治疗，手术治疗，生物制剂及嗅觉训练等。针对慢性鼻窦炎伴息肉患者，口服及局部糖皮质激素短期可改善嗅觉障碍，但长期效果难以维持。相较之下，手术治疗和生物制剂在长期使用中表现出良好的嗅觉改善效果，然而，为确保治疗的安全性和有效性，仍需更多大规模、长期研究来确立生物制剂的使用规范。

Abstract: Olfactory dysfunction refers to a partial reduction, loss, or abnormality of the sense of smell. This article systematically introduces the mechanisms of olfactory dysfunction caused by chronic sinusitis, methods for evaluating olfactory function, and discusses the treatment progress for olfactory dysfunction due to chronic sinusitis, including drug therapy, surgical treatment, biologics, and olfactory training. While oral and topical corticosteroids can provide temporary relief for olfactory dysfunction in CRSwNP, maintaining long-term effects can be challenging. On the other hand, surgical treatment and the use of biologic therapy have demonstrated positive long-term effects on olfactory improvement. To ensure the safety and effectiveness of treatments, further large-scale, long-term studies are necessary to establish standardized protocols.