海上石油平台作业人群职业紧张干预研究进展

Research Progress on Occupational Stress Intervention for Workers in Offshore Oil Platforms

摘要: 海上石油平台作业人群长期处于高风险、高压力、高封闭的“三高”环境，职业紧张问题高发，已形成“个体身心损伤–团队协作失效–企业安全受损”的恶性连锁反应，严重威胁职业健康与行业可持续发展。随着全球职业健康理念向“健康促进”转型，该群体职业紧张干预已从单一心理疏导升级为多维度系统工程。本文以“应激源控制–中介变量强化–紧张反应干预”为核心框架，系统阐述环境工程优化、组织管理革新、个体心理支持三维干预策略；对比分析国内外典型实践案例，总结干预模式成效与特点；剖析当前研究在措施精准性、技术应用、保障机制等方面的短板；结合行业趋势提出“技术赋能–精准施策–长效管理”的未来方向，为完善海上石油平台职业健康管理体系提供参考。

Abstract: Workers in offshore oil platforms are chronically exposed to a “three-high” environment—characterized by high risk, high pressure, and high confinement. Occupational stress is highly prevalent among this population, giving rise to a vicious chain reaction: “individual physical and mental impairment - breakdown in team collaboration - compromise of enterprise safety”. This chain reaction poses a severe threat to occupational health and the sustainable development of the industry. As the global concept of occupational health shifts toward “health promotion”, interventions for occupational stress in this group have evolved from single-dimensional psychological counseling to a multi-dimensional systematic initiative. Guided by the core framework of “stressor control - mediator enhancement - stress response intervention”, this study systematically elaborates on three-dimensional intervention strategies, including the optimization of environmental engineering, innovation in organizational management, and provision of individual psychological support. It conducts a comparative analysis of typical practical cases at home and abroad, summarizes the effectiveness and characteristics of intervention models, and identifies shortcomings in current research—such as limitations in the precision of measures, application of technology, and establishment of support mechanisms. Aligned with industry trends, this study proposes a future direction centered on “technology empowerment - targeted implementation - long-term management”, aiming to provide insights for optimizing the occupational health management system of offshore oil platforms.