超声衰减法油水两相流含油率测量规律研究

Research on the Measurement Law of Oil Volume Fraction in Oil-Water Two-Phase Flow Using Ultrasonic Attenuation Method

摘要: 本文围绕油水两相流中含油率的在线测量难题，提出并系统研究了基于超声衰减法的检测技术。通过构建COMSOL多物理场耦合的二维有限元模型，模拟了水包油与油包水两种典型流型下超声传播特性，重点分析了含油率、流型转变及油相黏度对超声衰减系数的影响规律。结果表明，在水包油流型中，衰减系数随含油率升高呈“先增后降”趋势，拐点出现在35%左右；而在油包水流型中，衰减系数在含油率65%附近达到峰值，反映出流型结构对声能耗散具有决定性作用。此外，油相黏度的增加会显著增强超声衰减，主要源于界面散射与黏性耗散的协同效应。静态实验数据与数值模拟结果呈现出良好的一致性，验证了本文研究方法的有效性和结果的可靠性。研究证实，超声衰减法具有响应快、无辐射、结构简单等优势，适用于工业现场油水两相流含油率的在线监测，为多相流参数检测提供了新的技术路径。

Abstract: Focusing on the challenge of online measurement of the oil volume fraction in oil-water two-phase flow, this paper proposes and systematically investigates a detection technique based on the ultrasound attenuation method. A two-dimensional finite element model incorporating multiple physical fields was developed using COMSOL to simulate ultrasonic propagation characteristics under two typical flow patterns: oil-in-water and water-in-oil. The effects of oil volume fraction, flow pattern transition, and oil viscosity on the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient were analyzed in detail. Simulation results indicate that in the oil-in-water flow pattern, the attenuation coefficient “initially increases and then decreases” with increasing oil volume fraction, with the transition occurring at approximately 35%. In the water-in-oil flow pattern, the attenuation coefficient peaks near an oil volume fraction of 65%, suggesting that the flow pattern structure plays a decisive role in acoustic energy dissipation. Furthermore, increased oil viscosity significantly enhances ultrasonic attenuation, primarily due to the synergistic effects of interfacial scattering and viscous dissipation. Static experimental data show good agreement with the numerical simulations, confirming the validity of the proposed method and the reliability of the results. This study demonstrates that the ultrasound attenuation method—featuring rapid response, non-radiation, and a simple structure—is suitable for the online monitoring of oil volume fraction in industrial oil-water two-phase flows, offering a new technical approach for multiphase flow parameter detection.