多种超材料结构的缓冲吸能特性研究分析

Study on Energy Absorption Characteristics of Various Metamaterial Buffer Structures

摘要: 针对炮射无人机在发射过程中会经历极高的加速度和冲击力，其机械内部电子元器件在高过载下可能会损坏，需有效提升电子器件的可靠性，缓冲结构、材料的设计至关重要。本文提出了一种新型的缓冲结构，采用多级吸能机制，有效降低发射过程中的冲击载荷。本文研究了几种超材料结构，分析了内凹蜂窝结构使用不同材料的抗过载性能，以及使用相同材料的三种不同结构的抗过载性能。通过改变胞壁的壁厚、列数对超材料进行了结构优化设计，并对优化后的超材料进行抗过载性能研究和综合分析。研究结果表明，通过增加列数和壁厚，可以提高吸能性；蜂窝折纸结构相对于内凹蜂窝结构和折纸蜂窝结构吸能缓冲尤为突出，吸能效果增加了43%左右。6061-T6铝合金材料相对于Q235材料吸能峰值更低，但比吸能提高约115%，6061-T6铝合金材料更适用于轻量化。

Abstract: During the launch process of artillery-launched drones, they are subjected to extremely high acceleration and impact forces, which may damage the internal electronic components under high overload conditions. Effectively improving the reliability of electronic devices is crucial, and the design of buffer structures and materials plays a vital role. This paper proposes a novel buffer structure that adopts a multi-stage energy absorption mechanism to effectively reduce the impact load during launch. Several metamaterial structures are studied, analyzing the anti-overload performance of concave honeycomb structures made of different materials, as well as the anti-overload performance of three different structures made of the same material. Structural optimization of the metamaterials is carried out by varying the wall thickness and number of cell layers, followed by an investigation of the anti-overload performance and comprehensive analysis of the optimized metamaterials. The research results indicate that increasing the number of layers and wall thickness can enhance energy absorption. The honeycomb origami structure, in particular, demonstrates outstanding energy absorption and buffering performance compared to the concave honeycomb and folded honeycomb structures, with an approximately 43% improvement in energy absorption. Although the 6061-T6 aluminum alloy material exhibits a lower peak energy absorption compared to Q235 material, its specific energy absorption increases by about 115%, making it more suitable for lightweight applications.