基于个人记忆的博物馆游客文化认同生成机制：建构主义学习视角

Mechanism of Cultural Identity Generation for Museum Tourists Based on Personal Memory: A Constructivist Learning Perspective

摘要: 博物馆旅游是凝聚记忆、形塑认同的重要文化实践。携带个人记忆的游客如何在博物馆旅游中建立文化认同、建立什么样的文化认同尚有待解答。本文基于建构主义学习理论，通过访谈、观察和主题分析法，以期揭示这一问题。研究发现，博物馆以实物展品、展陈设计、社会互动三种形式唤醒游客个人记忆；随后通过同化、顺应两条学习路径，达成记忆与展陈事实间的平衡状态；并激发惊奇、震撼、自豪等积极情感催化个体生成多元文化认同，包括群体文化认同、地方文化认同、历史文化认同和现代文化认同。通过这一路径机制，揭示了博物馆游客个人记忆与文化认同建构的内在联系，拓展了建构主义学习理论在博物馆游客体验研究中的解释力，为博物馆方如何有效促进游客教育、履行文化传播功能提供参考。

Abstract: Museum tourism is an important cultural practice that consolidates memories and shapes identity. How tourists carrying personal memories can establish cultural identity in museum tourism and what kind of cultural identity they can establish remains to be answered. Based on constructivist learning theory, this article aims to address this question through interviews, observations, and thematic analysis. The study finds that museums awaken tourists’ personal memories through three forms: physical exhibits, exhibition design, and social interaction; Subsequently, a balance between memory and exhibition facts is achieved through two learning paths: assimilation and adaptation; And this process stimulates positive emotions such as surprise, shock, and pride to catalyze individuals to generate diverse cultural identities, including group cultural identity, cultural identity of local place, historical cultural identity, and modern cultural identity. This article reveals the internal connection between personal memory and cultural identity construction of museum tourists by revealing this pathway mechanism, expanding the explanatory power of constructivist learning theory in museum tourist experience research, and providing reference for museums on how to effectively promote tourist education, fulfill cultural dissemination functions.