面向交付运营的民用飞机在飞行试验阶段故障处置经验复用研究与实践

Research and Practice on Fault Handling Knowledge Reuse in the Flight Test Phase of Civil Aircraft Oriented to Delivery and Operation

摘要: 民用飞机新研型号在投入商业运营初期，通常会面临较多的系统性与随机性故障。如何快速、准确地完成排故，是客户(航空公司)实现安全与经济运营的关键。然而，由于新研飞机的设计构型尚不完全成熟，部分系统集成度高而功能与性能仍处于持续优化阶段，导致飞行试验阶段高频出现的问题在航线运营初期易重复出现，造成故障定位不准、排故周期过长、资源投入过大等问题。针对以上问题，文章从知识复用视角出发，系统研究了飞行试验阶段故障处置经验在交付与航线运营初期的知识复用机制，构建了“试飞–交付–航线”的一体化知识复用闭环体系，提出了基于语义解析与知识图谱的复用模型，并对知识管理模块开展工程化验证。研究表明，系统化的知识复用体系可显著提升故障定位的准确性与排故响应效率，缩短飞机停场时间，降低维护成本，可为民机新型号商业投运初期的快速问题响应与客户支持体系建设提供可行的技术路径与实践参考。

Abstract: Newly developed civil aircraft models typically experience a high frequency of both systemic and random failures during the early stage of commercial operation. Achieving rapid and accurate troubleshooting is therefore crucial for airlines to ensure safe and cost-effective operations. However, due to the partial immaturity of configuration design and the high integration level of certain systems—whose functions and performance are still under continuous optimization—frequent issues encountered during the flight-test phase tend to reoccur during the initial stage of airline operations. This often results in inaccurate fault localization, prolonged troubleshooting cycles, and excessive resource consumption. To address these challenges, this study investigates the mechanism of knowledge reuse for fault-handling experience accumulated during the flight-test phase and its transfer to the delivery and early operational stages. An integrated “Flight-Test-Delivery-Operation” closed-loop knowledge reuse framework is constructed, and a reuse model based on semantic analysis and knowledge graph techniques is proposed. Furthermore, the knowledge-management module is subjected to engineering validation. The results demonstrate that the systematic knowledge reuse framework significantly improves fault localization accuracy and troubleshooting responsiveness, shortens aircraft downtime, and effectively reduces maintenance costs. The findings provide a practical and technically feasible pathway for establishing a rapid problem-response and customer-support system for newly developed civil aircraft during their initial commercial operation phase.