电子商务背景下数字化转型对上市商业银行运营效率的影响研究

Study on the Impact of Digital Transformation on the Operational Efficiency of Listed Commercial Banks in the Context of E-Commerce

摘要: 本文选取2012~2024年中国42家上市商业银行为样本，考察电子商务生态背景下数字化转型对于银行经营效率的影响，并根据商业银行规模对样本分类，针对不同类型商业银行开展了异质性分析。研究发现，电商背景下数字化转型指数和银行的成本收入比呈负向相关关系，说明数字化转型有助于降低运营成本，提高资源配置效率；数字化转型的异质性检验结果表明，中型银行最受益于数字化转型，大型银行次之，说明了数字化转型具有一定规模门槛和能力门槛。研究结果说明，电子商务的发展为商业银行提供了关键数据、场景与合作基础，是推动银行效率优化的重要外生动力。本文结论对商业银行制定数字化战略和监管部门推动数字金融与电子商务协同发展具有重要参考价值。

Abstract: This study selects 42 listed commercial banks in China from 2012 to 2024 as the research sample to examine the impact of digital transformation on banking operating efficiency within the context of the e-commerce ecosystem. The sample is further classified by bank size to conduct heterogeneity analysis across different types of commercial banks. The empirical results show that the digital transformation index is negatively associated with the cost-to-income ratio, indicating that digital transformation helps reduce operating costs and enhance resource allocation efficiency. The heterogeneity analysis further reveals that medium-sized banks benefit the most from digital transformation, followed by large banks, suggesting the existence of certain scale and capability thresholds for realizing efficiency gains. Overall, the findings indicate that the development of e-commerce provides commercial banks with critical data, application scenarios, and cooperation platforms, serving as an important external driver of efficiency improvement. The conclusions offer valuable implications for commercial banks in formulating digital strategies and for regulators in promoting the coordinated development of digital finance and e-commerce.