数字时代我国电商平台监管与立法研究——以服务商责任与信息安全为视角

Legal Regulation of E-Commerce Platforms’ Network Technology in the Digital Age—From the Perspective of Service Provider Responsibility and Information Security

摘要: 在数字时代背景下，人工智能、大数据等新兴技术的广泛应用推动我国电商产业迅速发展，但由此引发的平台责任模糊、数据泄露频发、监管滞后等问题日益突出。本文以电商平台服务商责任与信息安全为核心研究视角，综合运用规范分析、案例研究与比较法方法，对我国《电子商务法》《网络安全法》《数据安全法》等核心立法的规制要求及多部门协同监管机制进行系统梳理。研究指出，当前我国电商治理体系虽已初步形成，但仍存在法律碎片化、监管区域不均衡、技术适配不足等结构性困境。在此基础上，本文从服务商责任边界、数据安全义务及合规机制三方面展开分析，明确平台在商品审核、数据保护及算法推荐等环节的安全责任，并提出以动态立法、技术赋能监管及完善分类分层责任体系为核心的优化路径。研究认为，应通过强化立法衔接、提升技术监管能力、推动国际协同治理，实现电商技术创新与信息安全的动态平衡。本研究的结论在理论层面丰富了数字经济背景下电商平台治理的法理框架，在实践层面为完善电商立法、提升监管效能与优化平台合规机制提供了可行路径，对我国电商监管现代化与治理体系建设具有现实指导意义。

Abstract: In the digital era, the rapid application of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data has accelerated the development of China’s e-commerce industry. However, the expansion of these technologies has also led to increasingly prominent issues, including unclear platform liabilities, frequent data breaches, and lagging regulation. Focusing on the responsibilities of e-commerce platform service providers and information security, this paper adopts normative analysis, case studies, and comparative law approaches to systematically review Chinese core legislation—such as the E-Commerce Law, Cybersecurity Law, and Data Security Law—and the multi-agency regulatory framework governing e-commerce platforms. The findings indicate that while China has established a preliminary e-commerce governance system, structural deficiencies persist, including legal fragmentation, regional disparities in enforcement, and inadequate technological adaptation. On this basis, this paper analyzes three key aspects: the boundaries of service provider liability, data security obligations, and compliance mechanisms. It clarifies the security responsibilities of platforms in processes such as product review, data protection, and algorithmic recommendation, and proposes an optimization pathway centered on dynamic legislation, technology-empowered regulation, and the refinement of a classified and tiered responsibility system. The study argues that a dynamic balance between technological innovation in e-commerce and information security should be achieved by strengthening legislative alignment, enhancing technical regulatory capabilities, and promoting international collaborative governance. Theoretically, the conclusions of this study enrich the jurisprudential framework for e-commerce platform governance in the context of the digital economy. Practically, they provide feasible approaches for perfecting e-commerce legislation, improving regulatory efficacy, and optimizing platform compliance mechanisms, thereby holding significant practical guiding value for the modernization of China’s e-commerce regulation and the construction of its governance system.