东北方言“奔”的用法及其语法化

Usage and Grammaticalization of “奔” in Northeastern Chinese Dialects

摘要: 当代东北官话介词“奔”有三种用法，分别为介引方向、介引起点和介引经过点。通过考察语料，本文梳理出“奔”从春秋到元代的语法化历程，其介词词性在元代固化。“奔”在哈尔滨方言中又继续语法化，表现为句中的主要动词已经不再限于“走”这类位移动词，还增加了“看、瞅”这种“观察”类的动词，使得“奔”搭配词语的语义类型不断扩大，“奔”进一步泛化，介词功能更加凸显。最后从语义、句法、语用上分析了影响哈尔滨方言“奔”的语法化因素，以期对东北方言的研究贡献微薄之力。

Abstract: The contemporary Northeastern Mandarin preposition “奔” has three usages: introducing direction, introducing a starting point, and introducing a point of passage. By examining linguistic data, we trace the grammatical evolution of “奔” from the Spring and Autumn period to the Yuan dynasty, during which its prepositional function became fixed. In the Harbin dialect, “奔” underwent further grammaticalization. Its primary verbs expanded beyond locative verbs like “walk” to include “observe”-type verbs such as “look” and “glance”. This broadened the semantic range of collocations with “奔”, further generalizing its function and accentuating its prepositional role. Finally, this study analyzes the semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic factors influencing the grammaticalization of “奔” in the Harbin dialect, aiming to contribute modestly to research on Northeast Chinese dialects.