就业为何趋向“慢”行？——湖北省高校应届毕业生“慢就业”行为影响因素的研究

Why Does Employment Tend to Be “Slow”?—A Study on the Factors Affecting the Behavior of “Slow Employment” of Fresh College Graduates in Hubei Province

摘要: 基于职业决策双重过程理论模型，本文旨在探讨影响高校应届毕业生“慢就业”行为的关键心理因素。采用横断面问卷调查方法，对湖北省三所高校594名平均年龄为22.32岁的应届毕业生进行测量，涵盖生涯探索(自我探索与外部探索)、焦虑、心盛与求职行为等变量。研究结果显示：(1) 采用分层回归法发现外部探索、自我探索、心盛、焦虑显著正向预测求职行为，解释变异量达41.2%；(2) 心盛、自我探索亦为积极预测因子，而焦虑在多元分析中也显示其对“慢就业”行为一定程度的负向预测作用；(3) Logistic回归分析进一步验证，外部探索与心盛均是“慢就业”状态的显著负向预测因子。研究表明，高校毕业生“慢就业”行为的形成不仅与就业信息获取有关，还受到情绪状态与生涯探索水平的共同影响。结果为高校开展精准就业指导与情绪调节干预提供了理论依据与实证支持。

Abstract: Based on the dual-process model of career decision-making, this paper aims to explore the key psychological factors influencing the “slow employment” behavior of college graduates. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 594 recent graduates from three universities in Hubei Province, with an average age of 22.32 years old. The survey covered variables such as career exploration (self-exploration and external exploration), anxiety, self-efficacy, and job search behavior. The research results show that: (1) Hierarchical regression analysis reveals that external exploration, self-exploration, self-efficacy, and anxiety significantly and positively predict job search behavior, explaining 41.2% of the variance; (2) Self-efficacy and self-exploration are also positive predictors, while anxiety shows a negative predictive effect on “slow employment” behavior to a certain extent in the multiple analysis; (3) Logistic regression analysis further verifies that external exploration and self-efficacy are significant negative predictors of the “slow employment” state. The study indicates that the formation of “slow employment” behavior among college graduates is not only related to the acquisition of employment information but also influenced by emotional states and the level of career exploration. The results provide theoretical basis and empirical support for universities to carry out precise employment guidance and emotional regulation intervention.