高海拔山区高陡加筋路堤边坡变形监测与分析研究

Experimental Study on Deformation Monitoring and Analysis of High and Steep Reinforced Embankment Slopes in High-Altitude Mountainous Areas

摘要: 为评估新疆高海拔山区高陡加筋路堤在季节性冻融环境下的稳定性，本研究依托G0711乌鲁木齐至尉犁段高速公路K24 + 270~K24 + 928高陡填方路堤(最大坡高28.06 m)，采用深孔位移监测与坡面全站仪立体监测网相结合的方法，系统分析揭示了边坡变形动态规律。监测结果表明：(1) 边坡变形具有显著深度差异性，10 m深度处单日位移峰值达15.68 mm；路肩区则以22~24 m深层固结变形为主(最大变形1.10 mm)；(2) 6~10 m浅层与10~14 m中层为位移集中带，占监测剖面总变形量的35%~40%，是潜在滑移面发育区；(3) 降雨事件(如5月21日)显著加剧局部变形，K24 + 410~K24 + 470段单次沉降量突增37.9 mm，位移速率由0.71 mm/d骤增至10.27 mm/d；(4) 防护结构有效改善了坡体应力分布状态，土压力数据表明，防护结构施作后坡体应力状态迅速趋于稳定，整体边坡位移时态曲线呈收敛趋势，深层未形成贯通性滑移面。研究表明，当前防护方案可维持边坡稳定，但极端工况下局部仍存在失稳风险，建议运营期加密雨季监测并强化变形集中带预警。

Abstract: To evaluate the stability of high and steep reinforced embankment slopes in seasonal freeze-thaw environments within Xinjiang’s high-altitude mountainous areas, this study employed a combined method of deep-hole displacement monitoring and a slope-surface total station stereoscopic monitoring network. The research was conducted on the high-steep fill embankment at sections K24 + 270~K24 + 928 of the G0711 Urumqi-Yuli Expressway (maximum slope height: 28.06 m). The study systematically analyzed and revealed the dynamic deformation patterns of the slope. Monitoring results indicate: (1) Slope deformation exhibits significant depth-dependent variation, with a peak daily displacement of 15.68 mm observed at a depth of 10 m; deformation in the shoulder area is primarily deep consolidation at 22~24 m depth (maximum deformation: 1.10 mm). (2) The 6~10 m shallow layer and 10~14 m middle layer constitute displacement concentration zones, accounting for 35%~40% of the total deformation within the monitored profile, and represent potential sliding surface development areas. (3) Rainfall events (e.g., May 21st) significantly exacerbated localized deformation; a single settlement surge of 37.9 mm occurred in section K24 + 410~K24 + 470, with the displacement rate sharply increasing from 0.71 mm/d to 10.27 mm/d. (4) The protective structure effectively improved the stress distribution state within the slope body. Earth pressure data show that the slope stress state rapidly stabilized after the protective structure was implemented, the overall slope displacement-time curve exhibited a convergent trend, and no continuous deep sliding surface formed. The study demonstrates that the current protection scheme can maintain slope stability, but local instability risks persist under extreme conditions. It is recommended to intensify monitoring during the rainy season in the operational phase and enhance early warning for deformation concentration zones.