太阳能被动辐射冷却系统模拟分析研究

Simulation and Analysis of a Solar Passive Radiative Cooling System

摘要: 当下全球能源危机与环境问题日益严峻，太阳能被动辐射冷却技术凭借其不消耗能源、零碳排放及高效节能的显著优势备受关注。本研究使用软件COMSOL Multiphysics 6.3进行仿真模拟，构建多物理场耦合模型，探究不同基底材料、辐射材料、薄膜厚度等因素对冷却薄膜性能的影响。研究结果表明：辐射材料均为二氧化硅时，冷却薄膜基底材料为银时降温3.7℃，基底材料为铝时降温2.5℃，银作为基底材料降温效果更好；以氮化硅作为辐射制冷功能材料时，其冷却效果略优于二氧化硅，不过该类材料的制冷性能并未实现显著的性能突破；基底材料为铝板，辐射材料二氧化硅的厚度为0.05微米时降温2.3℃，二氧化硅厚度增加到0.15微米时降温3.4℃，降温效果为原来的1.48倍。

Abstract: Given the increasingly severe global energy crisis and environmental issues, solar passive radiative cooling technology has attracted considerable attention due to its remarkable advantages of no energy consumption, zero carbon emissions, and high energy efficiency. In this study, COMSOL Multiphysics 6.3 was employed for simulation; a multi-physics coupling model was constructed to investigate the effects of different factors including substrate materials, radiative materials and film thicknesses on the cooling performance of the radiative cooling film, and the results indicate that when silica (SiO₂) is used as the radiative material, the cooling film achieves a temperature reduction of 3.7˚C with silver (Ag) as the substrate and 2.5˚C with aluminum (Al) as the substrate, proving that silver has better cooling effectiveness as a substrate material, silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) as a radiative cooling material shows slightly better performance than silicon, without achieving any notable breakthrough in cooling efficiency, and for the film with an aluminum plate substrate and a silica radiative layer, a temperature reduction of 2.3˚C is obtained when the silica thickness is 0.05 μm, and the temperature reduction increases to 3.4˚C when the silica thickness is increased to 0.15 μm, which means the cooling effect is 1.48 times that of the thinner film.