大型体育建筑结构安全性检测与抗震性能评估技术及结构更新策略研究

Research on Structural Safety Inspection, Seismic Performance Evaluation Technology and Structural Renewal Strategies for Large-Scale Sports Buildings

摘要: 近年来，我国大量建于上世纪八九十年代的大型公共建筑逐渐进入结构性能退化期，其安全性、耐久性及抗震性能问题日益突出，尤其对于大型体育建筑而言，结构复杂、使用频繁、荷载转换多样，导致在长期服役后容易出现开裂、渗漏、锈蚀及刚度退化等现象。本文以大型体育建筑为研究对象，系统梳理了结构检测与抗震性能评估的理论体系，分析了抗震承载力不足的成因，并提出适用于既有大型体育建筑的结构更新与加固策略，研究内容涵盖结构检测技术体系、抗震性能鉴定、承载力复核分析与结构更新决策等关键环节。结果表明：部分框架柱、梁、楼板及屋架构件的承载力、稳定性未能满足7度设防要求，其抗震安全裕度显著下降，并且提出结构更新策略，即混凝土构件裂缝灌浆、碳纤维布加固、钢板加固、构造细部补强、防腐涂层修复、屋盖支座更新及结构健康监测系统建设，最后结构更新决策采用多目标优化模型，兼顾承载力恢复、耐久性延寿与经济性。本研究成果可为城市范围内既有体育建筑群的结构寿命延伸与抗震性能增强提供可借鉴的技术路径和决策依据。

Abstract: In recent years, a large number of large-scale public buildings constructed in China in the 1980s and 1990s have gradually entered the period of structural performance degradation. Their issues regarding safety, durability, and seismic performance have become increasingly prominent. Especially for large-scale sports buildings, the complex structure, frequent use, and diverse load conversion lead to phenomena such as cracking, leakage, corrosion, and stiffness degradation after long-term service. Taking large-scale sports buildings as the research object, this paper systematically sorts out the theoretical system of structural inspection and seismic performance evaluation, analyzes the causes of insufficient seismic bearing capacity, and proposes structural renewal and reinforcement strategies suitable for existing large-scale sports buildings. The research content covers key links such as the structural inspection technology system, seismic performance appraisal, bearing capacity review and analysis, and structural renewal decision-making. The results show that the bearing capacity and stability of some frame columns, beams, floor slabs, and roof structure components fail to meet the seismic fortification requirements of intensity 7, and their seismic safety margin has significantly decreased. Corresponding structural renewal strategies are proposed, namely concrete component crack grouting, carbon fiber sheet reinforcement, steel plate reinforcement, structural detail strengthening, anti-corrosion coating repair, roof support renewal, and the construction of a structural health monitoring system. Finally, a multi-objective optimization model is adopted for structural renewal decision-making, taking into account bearing capacity recovery, durability extension, and economy. The research results can provide a reference technical path and decision-making basis for extending the structural service life and enhancing the seismic performance of existing sports building groups in cities.