中药有效成分防治肺动脉高压的研究进展

Research Progress on the Prevention and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension by Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine

摘要: 肺动脉高压(pulmonary hypertension, PH)是由多种原因引起的肺血管阻力和肺动脉压力持续升高，导致右心室负荷加重，最终引发右心衰竭甚至死亡的慢性疾病。该病发病机制复杂，目前仍缺乏有效的药物治疗方式。近年来，随着对肺动脉高压研究的不断深入，利用中药活性成分治疗PH的研究逐渐增多，成为目前的研究热点。本文通过检索近年来国内外中药活性成分防治肺动脉高压的相关文献，系统综述了中药有效成分治疗肺动脉高压的作用机制，其中包括黄酮类、萜类、生物碱类、皂苷类等化合物，主要通过调控NF-κB、PI3K/AKT、TGF-β/Smad等信号通路减弱氧化应激损伤、抑制炎症反应、抑制细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡和抗纤维化等机制发挥作用。该综述对中药有效成分预防和治疗肺动脉高压的进展提供思路，旨在为开发治疗肺动脉高压的创新药物和临床治疗提供参考。

Abstract: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic disease caused by various factors, leading to persistent increases in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary artery pressure, which in turn increases the load on the right ventricle and ultimately causes right heart failure or even death. The pathogenesis of this disease is complex, and effective pharmacological treatments are still lacking. In recent years, with ongoing research on pulmonary hypertension, studies on treating PH with active components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have gradually increased, becoming a current research focus. This article systematically reviews the mechanisms of TCM active components in treating pulmonary hypertension based on a search of recent domestic and international literature. These components include flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, and other compounds, mainly exerting their effects by regulating NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, TGF-β/Smad, and other signaling pathways to reduce oxidative stress damage, inhibit inflammation, suppress cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and provide antifibrotic effects. This review provides insights into the progress of TCM active components in preventing and treating pulmonary hypertension, aiming to offer references for the development of innovative drugs and clinical therapies for PH.