中国新能源汽车产业发展现状与出海路径升级研究

Research on the Current Development of China’s New Energy Vehicle Industry and the Upgrading of Its Overseas Expansion Path

摘要: 全球“碳中和”目标深入推进与能源结构转型提速的当下，新能源汽车产业不仅成为全球汽车产业转型升级的核心赛道，更是中国实现从汽车大国到汽车强国跨越的关键支撑。本文立足全球化布局视角，系统梳理中国新能源汽车产业在政策支持、产业规模、技术创新及出海基础等方面的发展现状，深度剖析产业出海面临的贸易壁垒、产业集中度偏低、核心技术短板等现实挑战。结合光伏产业及动力电池企业应对国际法规的实践案例，从优化全球供应链布局、强化技术创新壁垒、深耕细分海外市场、完善政策服务支撑四个维度，提出产业出海升级的具体路径，为中国新能源汽车产业深度参与全球竞争、实现高质量出海提供理论依据与实践指引。

Abstract: Amid the global advancement of the “carbon neutrality” goal and the accelerated transformation of the energy structure, the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry has not only become the core track for the global automotive industry’s transformation and upgrading but also serves as a key support for China to achieve the leap from a major automobile country to a strong automobile nation. This paper, based on a globalized perspective, systematically reviews the development status of China’s NEV industry in terms of policy support, industry scale, technological innovation, and overseas expansion foundation, and deeply analyzes the real challenges faced by the industry in going global, such as trade barriers, low industry concentration, and shortcomings in core technologies. Drawing on the practice cases of the photovoltaic industry and power battery enterprises in responding to international regulations, this paper proposes specific paths for upgrading the overseas expansion of the industry from four dimensions: optimizing global supply chain layout, strengthening technological innovation barriers, deeply cultivating niche overseas markets, and improving policy service support, providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for China’s NEV industry to actively participate in global competition and achieve high-quality global expansion.