一种考虑动态响应的火力发电机组经济负荷调度方法

An Economic Load Dispatch Method for Thermal Power Plants Considering Dynamic Response Constraints

摘要: 本文提出一种融合火电机组动态特性与前向–后向迭代机制的动态经济负荷调度(DELD)方法，用于应对新能源高占比条件下面对剧烈负荷波动时机组响应不足的问题。该方法在传统静态经济调度模型基础上，将爬坡速率与时间耦合动态约束显式纳入调度框架，并设计触发式后向调整机制，通过在可回溯时段释放动态裕度来实现可行解修正。相比纯静态优化或仅设置保守响应裕度的方法，本方法从时间序列角度构建了可重复执行的“前向计算–后向校正”迭代调度流程，可兼顾运行经济性与动态可行性。基于三机规则系统与IEEE 30-bus系统的仿真结果表明，该方法在保证实时性前提下，可在典型负荷剧烈波动场景中显著降低系统成本与响应失败次数，具备工程在线调度应用潜力。

Abstract: This paper proposes a dynamic economic load dispatch (DELD) method for thermal power plant clusters by integrating unit ramp-rate characteristics and a forward–backward iterative mechanism. The method explicitly incorporates ramp-rate constraints into the dispatch model and adopts a triggered backward correction process to release dynamic response margins from earlier time intervals when infeasible dispatch states occur. Compared with static optimization and reserve-based conservative protection strategies, the proposed method establishes a reproducible forward computation—backward adjustment loop to simultaneously maintain economic performance and dynamic feasibility. Simulation studies on both a three-unit test system and the IEEE 30-bus benchmark system show that the proposed approach effectively reduces total operational cost and eliminates ramp-violation events under large load fluctuation conditions while maintaining practical computational efficiency, indicating promising potential for real-time online scheduling applications.