建设工程设计控制值探析

Analysis of Design Control Values for Construction Projects

摘要: 建设工程设计控制值是建筑设计的核心参数，建筑设计方法的变化直接反映了工程安全理论与可靠性设计理念的发展。本文梳理了建设工程设计方法的演变，从依赖工程实践经验的容许应力法，到基于样本数据处理的半概率极限状态设计法，最终发展到以可靠性理论为基础的近似概率极限设计法。在此基础上，探析了容许值、基本值、代表值、标准值、特征值、设计值等术语的内涵，明晰了各控制值的适用场景，重点辨析了标准值、特征值在岩土工程中的特殊性。

Abstract: The design control values of construction projects are the core parameters of architectural design, and changes in architectural design methods directly reflect the development of engineering safety theory and reliability design concepts. This article reviews the evolution of construction engineering design methods, from the allowable stress method based on engineering practice experience, to the semi probabilistic limit state design method based on sample data processing, and ultimately to the approximate probabilistic limit state design method based on reliability theory. On this basis, the connotations of terms such as allowable value, basic value, representative value, standard value, characteristic value, and design value were analyzed, and the applicable scenarios of each control value were clarified. The special characteristics of standard value and characteristic value in geotechnical engineering were emphasized.