健康体适能对社区衰弱老年人及其生活质量的影响

The Impact of Health and Physical Fitness on Frail Elderly People in the Community and Their Quality of Life

摘要: 目的：探讨健康体适能与社区衰弱老年人及其生活质量的相关性。方法：采用整群随机抽样法，于2023年7~10月随机抽取符合纳入标准的6个社区290名老年人，使用一般情况调查表、Fried衰弱表型、SF-36简明健康状况量表、老年人日常生活活动能力评分表等调查衰弱现状与生活质量，采用握力测试、五次起坐试验、2 min原地踏步、双手后沟、BMI等测评健康体适能。结果：一般资料比较，年龄、文化程度、婚姻、居住情况、日常生活能力有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；不同衰弱状况老年人健康体适能比较，握力测试、5次起坐试验、2 min原地踏步、双手后沟具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；生活质量比较，SF-36 9个维度(生理机能、生理职能、一般健康状况、躯体疼痛、精力、情感职能、精神健康、健康变化、社会功能)均具有统计学意义(P < 0.001)；Logistic回归分析显示，日常生活能力、一般健康状况是影响衰弱前期走向衰弱的关键因素(P < 0.05)。结论：社区衰弱老年人的健康体适能及生活质量亟待关注，早期识别衰弱前期与衰弱老年人，减少静坐行为，加强预防和健康管理，维护其功能状态，以延缓衰弱进展，预防失能。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the correlation between health fitness and frail elderly people in the community, as well as their quality of life. Methods: By using the cluster random sampling method, 290 elderly people from 6 communities who met the inclusion criteria were randomly selected from July to October 2023. The General Situation Questionnaire, Fried Frailty Phenotype, SF-36 Short Form Health Status Scale, and Activities of Daily Living Score for the elderly were used to investigate the frailty status and quality of life. Health and physical fitness were evaluated through grip strength test, five sit-up tests, 2-minute in-place stepping, posterior sulcus of both hands, BMI, etc. Results: General data comparison showed that age, educational level, marital status, living conditions, and daily living ability were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The comparison of physical fitness of the elderly with different frailty conditions showed that the grip strength test, 5 sit-up tests, 2 minutes of in-place stepping, and posterior sulci of both hands were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The comparison of quality of life showed that all 9 dimensions of SF-36 (physical function, physical role, general health status, physical pain, energy, emotional role, mental health, health change, and social function) were statistically significant (P < 0.01); Logistic regression analysis showed that activities of daily living and general health status were the key factors influencing the progression to frailty in the pre-frailty stage (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The physical fitness and quality of life of frail elderly people in the community urgently need attention. Early identification of the pre-frailty stage and frail elderly people, reduction of sedentary behavior, strengthening of prevention and health management, and maintenance of their functional status can delay the progression of frailty and prevent disability.