高压氧联合针灸的抗氧化–抗炎机制研究进展：从分子通路到临床效应

Research Advances in the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Hyperbaric Oxygen Combined with Acupuncture: From Molecular Pathways to Clinical Effects

摘要: 高压氧治疗(Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy, HBOT)与针灸作为两种具有悠久历史的治疗手段，近年来在抗氧化与抗炎领域的协同作用备受关注。高压氧通过提高组织氧分压，激活抗氧化酶系统，调控Nrf2/ARE通路，减轻氧化应激损伤；同时通过抑制NF-κB信号通路，降低TNF-α、IL-6等促炎因子表达。针灸则通过激活迷走神经–肾上腺轴及胆碱能抗炎通路，调节巨噬细胞极化，促进Treg细胞分化，发挥系统性抗炎作用。两者联合应用可形成“氧化还原–免疫调节”网络协同效应，在糖尿病足溃疡、周围神经损伤等疾病中展现出显著疗效。本文系统综述高压氧与针灸协同作用的分子机制及临床证据，并进一步探讨联合疗法存在的问题与未来的研究方向，为多种炎症相关疾病的治疗提供新思路。

Abstract: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) and acupuncture, as two therapeutic modalities with long-standing histories, have recently garnered significant attention for their synergistic effects in the realms of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. HBOT alleviates oxidative stress damage by elevating tissue oxygen partial pressure, activating the antioxidant enzyme system, and modulating the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Simultaneously, it suppresses the NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. Acupuncture, on the other hand, exerts systemic anti-inflammatory effects by activating the vagus nerve-adrenal axis and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, regulating macrophage polarization, and promoting Treg cell differentiation. The combined application of these two therapies creates a synergistic “redox-immune modulation” network effect, demonstrating remarkable efficacy in treating conditions such as diabetic foot ulcers and peripheral nerve injuries. This article systematically reviews the molecular mechanisms and clinical evidence supporting the synergistic interaction between HBOT and acupuncture, further addresses existing challenges in combination therapy, and explores future research directions, thereby providing new insights for the treatment of various inflammation-related diseases.