词汇类型和词汇量水平对汉语二语学习者心理词典组织结构的影响研究

Effects of Vocabulary Type and Vocabulary Size on the Mental Lexicon Organization of L2 Chinese Learners

摘要: 本研究以24名汉语作为第二语言学习者为被试，采用词汇量水平测试和词汇联想测试两项任务来考察其汉语心理词典的联结方式以及刺激词类型与不同词汇量水平对汉语心理词典组织结构的影响。研究中两项测试均以书面测试的形式展开，先对被试进行词汇量水平测试，根据测试成绩平均分分为高低两组，每组各12人。随后对被试进行3种类型(名词、动词、形容词)共18个刺激词的自由联想测试。被试根据刺激词在试卷中写出不限数量的反应词，随后统计其给出的反应词数量和类型。从反应类型、词类、词汇量水平三方面对被试给出的反应词数据进行统计分析。根据研究结果得出以下结论：1. 汉语二语学习者心理词典的联结方式主要以语义联结为主，其中组合关系的占比更大。2. 词类对学习者心理词典组织结构模式产生影响，三类词中名词产出的反应词最多，形容词稍少于动词。名词的聚合反应比动词和形容词多，动词和形容词的组合反应比名词多。动词和形容词在聚合组合两类反应中差异不明显。3. 不同词汇量水平对汉语二语学习者的心理词典结构模式存在影响，随着词汇量水平的提高，拥有较高词汇量水平的学习者的联结反应类型分布逐渐向聚合反应模式偏移，更加接近母语者。

Abstract: This study examines how vocabulary type and vocabulary size influence the organizational patterns of the mental lexicon among learners of Chinese as a second language (CSL). Twenty-four CSL learners participated in two written tasks: a Vocabulary Size Test and a Word Association Test. Based on the vocabulary size results, participants were divided into two groups (high and low proficiency), each comprising 12 learners. The Word Association Test involved 18 stimulus words representing three lexical categories—nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Participants were instructed to freely produce as many associative responses as possible for each stimulus word. The collected responses were analyzed in terms of association type, word class, and vocabulary size level.The findings indicate that: (1) the associative connections in CSL learners’ mental lexicons are primarily semantic, with syntagmatic (combinational) associations occurring more frequently; (2) word class exerts a noticeable influence on mental lexicon organization, as nouns elicit the largest number of responses, followed by verbs and adjectives. Nouns tend to produce more paradigmatic associations, whereas verbs and adjectives yield more syntagmatic ones, with minimal differences between the latter two categories; and (3) vocabulary size affects the structural pattern of the mental lexicon. Learners with larger vocabularies demonstrate a higher proportion of paradigmatic associations, suggesting that their lexical organization more closely approximates that of native speakers.