外商直接投资对中国省级城乡收入差距的影响研究

A Study on the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Provincial Urban-Rural Income Gap in China

摘要: 外商直接投资的区域分布不均衡可能对城乡收入差距产生不同影响，研究二者关系有重要价值。本文基于2003~2022年中国省级面板数据，探讨FDI对城乡收入差距的影响机制。研究发现：首先，FDI显著缩小城乡收入差距，这一结论在控制内生性及替换核心变量后仍稳健；其次，FDI通过促进产业结构优化和改善基础设施两路径发挥作用；最后，影响效应存在显著异质性，在中东部地区和基础设施薄弱地区更突出。研究创新性引入历史开放政策视角，揭示FDI影响收入分配的内在机理，为既有文献提供新机制解释与区域异质性分析框架。

Abstract: The uneven regional distribution of foreign direct investment may exert differing impacts on urban-rural income disparities, making the study of their relationship highly valuable. Drawing on provincial-level panel data from China spanning 2003 to 2022, this paper examines the mechanisms through which FDI influences urban-rural income gap. Findings reveal: First, FDI significantly narrows urban-rural income disparities, a conclusion that remains robust after controlling for endogeneity and replacing core variables; Second, FDI exerts its effects through two pathways: promoting industrial structure optimization and improving infrastructure. Finally, the impact exhibits significant heterogeneity, being more pronounced in central and eastern regions and in areas with weak infrastructure. The study innovatively incorporates the historical perspective of opening-up policies to reveal the underlying mechanisms through which FDI influences income distribution, providing new explanatory frameworks and regional heterogeneity analysis for existing literature.