参与式发展视角下社会工作介入城市老年居民社会参与状况研究——以长沙市H社区为例

A Study on the Social Work Intervention of Urban Elderly Residents from the Perspective of Participatory Development —A Case Study of H Community in Changsha City

摘要: 中国社会老年人口逐渐增多，城市内的养老问题也愈发明显。随着人口老龄化的趋势日益明显，解决城市化的养老服务难题变得更为重要。作为一种具有专业性的理论，社会工作提供了一种特殊的方法和战略途径以解决该特定问题。文章基于老龄化时代的背景，运用参与式发展理论，以长沙市H社区为例，以“提升社会参与能力”作为核心理念，以“打好基础、再走下去、然后提升”为分析思路，分析该城市社区老年人的社会参与问题，提出对策，该对策弱化了社工作为服务者的角色，强调支持者和资源统筹者的角色，激发城市老年居民的主人翁意识，引导服务对象自己为自己服务，使之在参与中“自助”，在主动参与和正向的人际关系中改善其社会参与能力。

Abstract: With the aging population increasing in China, the issue of elderly care in urban areas is becoming more apparent. As the trend of aging population becomes more obvious, it becomes more important to solve the problem of elderly care services in urbanization. As a professional theory, social work provides a special method and strategic approach to solve this specific problem. Based on the background of the aging era, this paper uses the theory of participatory development and takes H Community in Changsha City as an example. It takes “enhancing social work intervention ability” as the core concept and takes “laying a solid foundation, moving forward, and then improving” as the analytical approach to analyze the social work intervention problem of elderly people in urban communities. It proposes countermeasures that weaken the role of social work as a service provider and emphasize the roles of supporters and resource coordinators to stimulate the sense of ownership among urban elderly residents and guide service objects to serve themselves. It enables them to “help themselves” through participation and improve their social work intervention ability through active participation and positive interpersonal relationships.