丽江市某医院实习护生文化休克现状及影响因素调查研究

Investigation on the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Culture Shock among Internship Nursing Students in a Hospital in Lijiang

摘要: 目的：调查护生在实习期间文化休克的现状及影响因素，以提出具有针对性的应对策略，提高临床实习质量，促进身心健康发展。方法：采用方便抽样法，选取丽江市某医院350名实习护生作为研究对象，通过问卷星APP和微信平台发布实习护生文化休克现状及因素调查问卷进行调查，采用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据处理并进行统计分析。基本信息用频率和百分比进行描述性统计分析，实习护生文化休克计数资料采用χ²检验分析。结果：在院实习护生中有43.50% (135/310)出现了文化休克症状，相关因素中性别和是否是自己希望的实习单位差异有高度统计学意义(P < 0.01)，生源地和是否喜欢护理职业差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)，其中文化休克类型以情绪障碍型最常见，占77.00%。结论：护生在实习中易发生文化休克，常见的影响因素是实习期望与现实差距大、缺乏足够的心理准备、带教关系紧张等，根据护生不同的文化休克症状与因素提出提供心理咨询服务、自我调适和提升、安排经验丰富的老师指导、合理规划工作内容等应对措施，帮助护生缓解或预防文化休克的消极影响，圆满度过实习阶段。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of culture shock among nursing students during practice, so as to put forward targeted coping strategies, improve the quality of clinical practice, and promote the development of physical and mental health. Methods: Using convenient sampling method, 350 nursing students in a hospital in Lijiang were selected as the research object, and the status and factors of cultural shock of nursing students during practice were investigated through questionnaire star app and WeChat platform. SPSS 26.0 software was used for data processing and statistical analysis. The basic information was analyzed by descriptive statistics with frequency and percentage. The culture shock count data of nursing students during practice were analyzed by χ² test. Results: 43.50% (135/310) of the nursing students during practice in the hospital had the symptoms of cultural shock. The gender of the related factors and whether it was their desired internship unit were significantly different (P < 0.01), and the differences in the place of origin and whether they liked the nursing profession were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Among the type of cultural shock, emotional disturbance was the most common, accounting for 77.00%. Conclusion: Nursing students are prone to culture shock in practice, and the common influencing factors are the large gap between practice expectation and reality, lack of adequate psychological preparation, tension between teachers and teachers, etc., according to the different symptoms and factors of culture shock of nursing students, countermeasures such as providing psychological counseling services, self-adjustment and improvement, arranging experienced teachers’ guidance, and reasonably planning the work content are put forward to help nursing students alleviate or prevent the negative effects of culture shock, and successfully get through the practice stage.